Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of hospitalizations due to heart failure in people living with human immunodeficiency virus from 2008 to 2018
|
|
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
2012
|
2013
|
2014
|
2015
|
2016
|
2017
|
2018
|
P
trend
|
| n (sample) | 869 | 954 | 1021 | 910 | 825 | 868 | 928 | 979 | 1074 | 1248 | 1340 | < 0.001 |
| n (weighted) | 4212 | 4878 | 5225 | 4362 | 4125 | 4340 | 4640 | 4895 | 5370 | 6240 | 6700 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (%) | ||||||||||||
| Male | 65.5 | 67.1 | 68.5 | 64.8 | 69.0 | 68.4 | 65.7 | 67.4 | 68.0 | 67.2 | 69.6 | < 0.001 |
| Female | 34.5 | 32.9 | 31.5 | 35.2 | 31.0 | 31.6 | 34.3 | 32.6 | 32.0 | 32.8 | 30.4 | < 0.001 |
| Age (%) | ||||||||||||
| < 50 | 41.8 | 38.8 | 41.2 | 36.7 | 29.7 | 27.2 | 29.1 | 27.4 | 28.1 | 25.0 | 24.9 | < 0.001 |
| 50-59 | 35.2 | 38.5 | 36.2 | 41.3 | 41.1 | 42.5 | 42.0 | 39.6 | 37.9 | 37.3 | 35.1 | < 0.001 |
| 60-69 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 20.8 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 24.8 | 26.9 | 28.8 | 29.0 | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 70 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 8.9 | 10.0 | < 0.001 |
| Race (%) | ||||||||||||
| White | 11.8 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 13.6 | 16.9 | 15.5 | 18.1 | 16.9 | 17.3 | 17.6 | 15.9 | < 0.001 |
| Black | 74.6 | 74.5 | 76.2 | 76.4 | 71.7 | 72.1 | 70.2 | 73.8 | 71.5 | 69.2 | 71.5 | 0.002 |
| Hispanic | 10.9 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 0.203 |
| Asian | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| AI/AN | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | < 0.001 |
| Other | 2.0 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 2.1 | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 65.9 | 67.9 | 64.7 | 67.5 | 81.8 | 80.1 | 68.4 | 69.7 | 86.6 | 73.4 | 91.2 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33.4 | 33.2 | 31.3 | 32.5 | 34.4 | 35.1 | 37.8 | 37.4 | 38.0 | 37.9 | 36.7 | < 0.001 |
| CKD | 53.1 | 50.4 | 50.4 | 49.2 | 53.9 | 56.9 | 54.5 | 58.1 | 60.6 | 62.6 | 61.0 | < 0.001 |
| Obesity | 7.3 | 7.9 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 10.1 | 12.4 | 14.4 | 18.8 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 17.1 | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 31.2 | 32.7 | 33.0 | 38.1 | 43.8 | 47.1 | 39.4 | 42.2 | 41.4 | 42.6 | 43.4 | < 0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | NR | NR | 6.18 (0.10) | 6.17 (0.11) | 6.11 (0.12) | 6.28 (0.11) | 6.27 (0.11) | 5.37 (0.11) | 6.86 (0.10) | 7.19 (0.09) | 6.99 (0.09) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Hospital region (%) | ||||||||||||
| Northwest | 25.4 | 35.3 | 35.9 | 30.9 | 32.1 | 31.8 | 28.0 | 274 | 24.8 | 25.8 | 26.3 | < 0.001 |
| Midwest | 11.5 | 11.1 | 13.1 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 9.7 | 13.6 | 11.7 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 11.6 | < 0.001 |
| South | 58.6 | 48.9 | 44.7 | 52.5 | 46.1 | 49.8 | 50.7 | 54.4 | 54.5 | 54.3 | 53.7 | < 0.001 |
| West | 4.5 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 6.4 | 10.3 | 10.7 | 8.4 | < 0.001 |
| Hospital bed size (%) | ||||||||||||
| Small | 8.1 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 6.0 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 16.8 | 13.3 | 14.4 | 17.0 | 17.8 | < 0.001 |
| Medium | 21.7 | 25.0 | 24.6 | 23.5 | 30.3 | 28.8 | 26.4 | 30.6 | 29.9 | 27.0 | 27.6 | < 0.001 |
| Large | 70.2 | 65.5 | 65.8 | 70.5 | 58.2 | 60.9 | 56.8 | 56.1 | 55.7 | 56.0 | 54.6 | < 0.001 |
| Urban location (%) | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 5.5 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 4.0 | < 0.001 |
| Urban nonteaching | 28.0 | 28.7 | 29.2 | 33.3 | 26.4 | 24.3 | 16.9 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 13.9 | 14.1 | < 0.001 |
| Urban teaching | 66.5 | 67.5 | 68.0 | 63.3 | 70.7 | 72.1 | 80.5 | 78.6 | 78.9 | 82.2 | 81.9 | < 0.001 |
AI/AN: American Indian/Alaska Native; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; NR: Not reported; SD: Standard deviation.