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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2022 Mar 21;28(4):814–822. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01714-5

Fig. 3. Quantification of Cortisol in the EMR-Cortisol cohort.

Fig. 3.

Top, histogram showing the frequency of subjects during the indicated times of sample collection (24-hour daily period) on the x-axis of the bottom graph. Bottom, graph showing the aggregated minimum cortisol levels for four groups of subjects during the indicated times of sample collection on the x-axis. Subjects were binned into three time categories (04:00-12:00, 12:00-18:00, 18:00-04:00) based on the availability of subjects and smoothed using loess curve fitting. Legend label is colored based on four categories: Ast_ICS: asthma cases with ICS treatment (Average=4.2 mcg/dL; SD=5.2); Ast_No_ICS: Asthma cases without ICS treatment (Average=6.03 mcg/dL; SD=5.1); Controls_ICS: Controls with ICS treatment (Average=5.58 mcg/dL; SD=4.6); Controls_No_ICS: Controls without ICS treatment (Average=7.02 mcg/dL; SD=5.8). P-value for asthma cases with ICS treatment compared to controls without ICS treatment (Mean difference=−2.80 mcg/dL; 95% CI=−1.4, −4.2; P=1.9x10−6). Tukey’s HSD test was used to identify significant differences between the asthma/ICS subgroups. Pairwise comparisons between the subgroups were also performed using generalized linear models, adjusted for collection time, age, gender and race.

Abbreviations: Ast, Asthma cases; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids