Table 3.

Laboratory results using an intention-to-treat analysis pre-KD and post-KD intervention

	Baseline (n=64)	3 months (n=59)		6 months (n=57)
	Mean±SD	Δ Change from baseline	P value	Δ Change from baseline	P value
25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL)	44±17	+11.5±16	<0.001	+12±17	<0.001
Carnitine, free (nmol/mL)	34±8	−3.7±7	0.001	−1.6±11	0.176
Insulin resistance
Insulin (uIU/mL)	13.3±8.5	−5.2±6.8	<0.001	−4.7±7.7	0.001
Haemoglobin A1c (%)	5.4±0.6	−0.3±0.4	<0.001	−0.3±0.5	<0.001
Lipid profiles
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	107±59	−17±45	0.005	−17±47	0.005
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dL)	127±35	+14±28	<0.001	+10±27	0.007
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dL)	55±13	−0.4±9	0.763	+3±10	0.03
LDL/HDL	2.4±0.8	+0.3±0.7	0.001	+0.1±0.7	0.172
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	200±40	+11±32	0.007	+10±31	0.021
Adipo-cytokines
Leptin (ng/mL)	25.5±15.7	−12.1±11.4	<0.001	−10.6±11.7	<0.001
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	11.4±7.8	+0.7±3.8	0.162	+1.7±3.9	0.002

Results represent mean±SD as change from baseline to reported time point (eg, 3 months or 6 months on KD).

KD, ketogenic diet.