Table 4.
Estimated effects of explanatory variables on the anemia from fixed and random-effect models
| Variables | Adolescent boys (10–19) | Adolescent girls (10–19) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed-effect | Random-effect | Fixed-effect | Random-effect | |
| Household environment | ||||
| Source of drinking water | ||||
| Others | 0.04(-0.08,0.15) | 0.01(-0.07,0.09) | 0.01(-0.13,0.16) | -0.04(-0.15,0.06) |
| Piped | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Source of cooking fuel | ||||
| Unclean | -0.01(-0.07,0.05) | -0.01(-0.05,0.03) | -0.01(-0.08,0.07) | 0.02(-0.03,0.07) |
| Clean | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Type of toilet facility | ||||
| Own flush/pit | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Shared flush/toilet | 0.11*(-0.19,-0.02) | 0.05*(0.01,0.08) | 0.02(-0.07,0.11) | 0.02(-0.04,0.08) |
| Others | 0.01(-0.04,0.07) | 0.02(-0.02,0.06) | 0.01(-0.06,0.08) | 0.01(-0.04,0.05) |
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Age | 0.06(0,0.13) | 0.01(-0.01,0.01) | -0.03(-0.12,0.05) | 0.02*(0.01,0.03) |
| Schooling | -0.01(-0.04,0.01) | -0.02*(-0.03,-0.01) | 0.01(-0.03,0.03) | 0.01(-0.01,0) |
| Underweight | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 0.05(-0.01,0.11) | 0.05*(0.01,0.09) | 0.02(-0.05,0.08) | 0.01(-0.03,0.05) |
| Thinness | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 0.02(-0.04,0.09) | 0.04*(0,0.07) | -0.06(-0.14,0.03) | -0.02(-0.07,0.03) |
| Consumption of IFA tablets | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | -0.01(-0.06,0.04) | 0.01(-0.04,0.03) | 0.01(-0.05,0.06) | 0.01(-0.02,0.05) |
| Household characteristics | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | 0.08*(0.02,0.14) | -0.02(-0.09,0.06) | ||
| Poorer | 0.03(-0.03,0.08) | 0.01(-0.07,0.07) | ||
| Middle | 0.05*(-0.01,0.1) | -0.03(-0.09,0.04) | ||
| Richer | 0.04*(-0.01,0.08) | -0.02(-0.07,0.04) | ||
| Richest | Ref | Ref | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | Ref | Ref | ||
| Non-Hindu | -0.04(-0.08,0) | -0.01(-0.05,0.04) | ||
| Caste | ||||
| SC/ST | Ref | Ref | ||
| Non-SC/ST | -0.02(-0.06,0.01) | -0.01(-0.05,0.03) | ||
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | Ref | Ref | ||
| Rural | 0.05*(0.02,0.09) | -0.02(-0.06,0.03) | ||
| States | ||||
| Uttar Pradesh | Ref | Ref | ||
| Bihar | -0.06*(-0.09,-0.03) | 0.05*(0.01,0.08) | ||
| Year | ||||
| 2015–16 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2018–19 | -0.15(-0.35,0.05) | 0.04*(0.01,0.07) | 0.18(-0.07,0.42) | 0.05*(0.01,0.08) |
| Sigma_u | 0.408 | 0.167 | 0.425 | 0.229 |
| Sigma_e | 0.404 | 0.405 | 0.429 | 0.430 |
| rho | 0.505 | 0.146 | 0.495 | 0.220 |
| F-stat | 1.68 | 2.79** | ||
| Wald chi-square | 163.54*** | 48.3*** | ||
| Haussmann test | 11.72 | 6.67 | ||
*if p < 0.10, **if p < 0.05, ***if p < 0.001
Ref Reference, BMI Body mass index, SC/ST Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe, IFA Iron folic acid, wave-1 2015–16