. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 4.

Published in final edited form as: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 Apr 17;12(12):2417–2427. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.02.021

Table 3.

Association Between Left Atrial Volume and Function and Incident Ischemic Cerebrovascular Event

Empty Cell	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3

	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	p Value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	p Value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	p Value

LAVI_max, ml/m²	1.12 (0.98–1.28)	0.100	1.02 (0.88–1.18)	0.769	1.06 (0.92–1.21)	0.412
LAVI_min, ml/m²	1.18 (1.04–1.34)	0.009	1.09 (0.96–1.24)	0.183	1.10 (0.97–1.27)	0.134
Passive LAEF, %	0.93 (0.80–1.08)	0.351	0.97 (0.83–1.13)	0.688	0.96 (0.83–1.12)	0.626
Active LAEF, %	0.84 (0.73–0.97)	0.018	0.88 (0.76–1.01)	0.074	0.87 (0.75–1.01)	0.057
Total LAEF, %	0.80 (0.69–0.92)	0.002	0.85 (0.74–0.98)	0.027	0.83 (0.72–0.96)	0.013
LA Strain, %	1.06 (0.94–1.21)	0.308	1.11 (0.98–1.26)	0.088	1.09 (0.97–1.24)	0.150

Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, cigarette smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, use of antihypertension medications, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, statin use, diabetes mellitus, and left ventricular mass. Model 2 consists of variables in model 1 and interim incident atrial fibrillation as a time-dependent covariate. Model 3 consists of variables in model 1 and atrial fibrillation as a time-fixed covariate. Hazard ratios were calculated according to ±SD changes in LA variables.

CI = confidence interval; other abbreviations as in Table 2.