Ciliary gene clusters and novel ciliary regulators. (A) A global view of fold changes of mRNA and RPFs of ciliary genes at 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after flagellar regeneration. Shown is the result of hierarchical clustering (SI Appendix, Fig. S3A) of both mRNA and RPF data. Columns are genes, and rows are time points. The total signal is normalized per column to allow the comparison of patterns. (B) Pie charts of different categories of ciliary genes: 61.2% of the genes are transcriptionally activated at 15 and 30 min but translationally repressed at 60 and 90 min (cluster I), 17.5% of the genes sustain translationally repressed all the time (cluster II), and 21.3% of the genes maintain transcriptionally repressed but translationally activated after flagellar regeneration (cluster III). (C) The timing of the mean log2-fold change of RNA-Seq (green, Left axis), Ribo-Seq (gray, Left axis), and transcriptional efficiency (TE; blue, Right axis) is plotted for three ciliary cluster genes. (D) Histograms show the frequency distribution of various ciliary genes in three clusters. The sum of the three bars of each ciliary gene class is equal to 1. (E) The timing of the mean log2-fold change of RNA-Seq (green, Left axis), Ribo-Seq (gray, Left axis), and transcriptional efficiency (TE, blue, Right axis) is plotted for genes with a similar regulation pattern to ciliary genes cluster I. (F) The Venn diagram shows the overlap between genes in (E) with orthologs in C. elegans and genes in E with orthologs in Homo sapiens. A schematic overview of the screening strategy is on the right.