Table 1.

Effect of intervention in a heart failure clinic: results of non-randomized studies.

Author, year	N (Intervention/Control group)	Intervention	Follow-up (months)	Results (intervention vs usual care)
Akosah, 2002[35]	38/63	Team management, medical optimization, education	12	Lower combined endpoint hospitalization/mortality. Higher doses of ACE-inhibitors and b-blockers
Azevedo, 2002[36]	157/182	Physician directed clinic, medical optimization	12	Lower mortality, fewer hospitalizations
Galatius, 2002[37]	283/NA	Team management, medical optimization, education	12	Fewer hospitalization
Holst, 2001[38]	42/NA	Team management. Medical optimization, education	6	Fewer hospitalizations, improved functional capacity, QOL improved
Ramahi, 2000[39]	133/NA	Team management, medical optimization, education	12	Higher rates of appropriate drugs use. Improved functional status
Riegel, 2000[40]	120/120	Nurse education, home visits, dietician, pharmacist counseling	6	No overall effect on hospitalization. Hospitalizations reduced in function class II patients
Whellan, 2001[41]	117/NA	Team management Medical optimization, education	10	Fewer hospitalizations, higher rate of b-blocker use