Table 4. Predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events.
| Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2b | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Male gender | 1.15 (0.67, 1.99) | 0.61 | ||||
| Age, years | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) | 0.02 | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.60 | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.43 | ||||
| Diastolic blood pressure | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 0.02 | ||||
| Heart rate, bpm | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.30 | ||||
| Hypertension | 2.11 (0.66, 6.78) | 0.21 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.21 (0.70, 2.11) | 0.50 | ||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.17 (0.61, 2.23) | 0.64 | ||||
| Stable coronary artery disease | 1.58 (0.77, 3.24) | 0.22 | ||||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 6.13 (2.21, 17.06) | 0.001 | ||||
| History of typical angina | 1.43 (0.64, 3.17) | 0.38 | ||||
| History of heart failure | 3.70 (1.90, 7.20) | <0.001 | 3.50 (1.79, 6.82) | 0.001 | 3.32 (1.70, 6.50) | 0.001 |
| Stroke | 1.15 (0.36, 3.70) | 0.81 | ||||
| Current smoking | 1.62 (0.79, 3.33) | 0.19 | ||||
| ACEI or ARB | 1.23 (0.71, 2.11) | 0.46 | ||||
| Antiplatelet | 1.57 (0.90, 2.73) | 0.11 | ||||
| Beta blocker | 1.02 (0.59, 1.77) | 0.93 | ||||
| Calcium channel blocker | 0.69 (0.37, 1.27) | 0.24 | ||||
| Nitrate | 1.87 (1.01, 3.45) | 0.04 | ||||
| Statin | 1.19 (0.69, 2.05) | 0.53 | ||||
| Left atrial diameter, mm | 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) | <0.001 | ||||
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | <0.001 | ||||
| LVEDV index, ml/m2 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | <0.001 | ||||
| LVESV index, ml/m2 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | <0.001 | ||||
| LVEF, % | 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) | <0.001 | ||||
| Presence of myocardial ischemia | 3.01 (1.75, 5.20) | <0.001 | 1.91 (1.02, 3.59) | 0.04 | - | - |
| Ischemia extent, per 1 segment | 1.11 (1.06, 1.17) | <0.001 | - | - | 1.08 (1.01, 1.14) | 0.02 |
| Presence of LGE | 3.70 (2.13, 6.43) | <0.001 | 2.64 (1.39, 4.99) | 0.003 | 2.86 (1.58, 5.17) | 0.001 |
a
Myocardial ischemia was included as a categorical variable (present or absent).
b
Myocardial ischemia was included as a continuous variable (per-segment extent). Bold values are <0.05. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance; EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume; EF: ejection fraction; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; LGE: late gadolinium enhancement; LV: left ventricular.