Figure 1.

Alterations in rectal microbiota composition and diversity during and following CAP

(A) Differences in intestinal microbiota β-diversity with weighted Unifrac distance between patients with CAP at admission (n = 115), after one month (n = 84) and controls (n = 68). Significance of differences in community composition are determined using permutational multivariate ANOVA.

(B) The presence of CAP (both at hospital admission and one month following hospitalization) was the strongest determinant of interindividual dissimilarities (R²) in rectal microbiota composition when compared to other potential factors determining microbiota composition, determined by permutational multivariate analyses of variance with the weighted Unifrac distance.

(C) Controls had high prevalence and relative abundance of Bacteroides and members of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families Ruminococcaceae (e.g. Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Agathobacter) while rectal microbiota of patients with CAP were dominated by facultative anaerobic peptococci (e.g. Finegoldia, Peptoniphilus, and Anaerococcus). In the heatmap, the color of each cell shows the percentage of samples (prevalence) in which a specific bacterial genus (y axis) is present at different relative abundances (x axis).