Fig. 6.

MSC spreading and adhesion on different ECM ​+ ​BMP2-modified substrates. MSCs were seeded onto different ECM ​+ ​BMP2 coated substrates for 3 ​h, followed by actin and vinculin staining. Cells treated with the soluble BMP2 were set as a control. Immobilized BMP2 significantly promoted MSCs spreading and enhanced FA assembly compared to soluble BMP2. MSCs on the FN ​+ ​VN ​+ ​BMP2 substrates displayed increased spreading and longer and larger FA than FN ​+ ​BMP2 and VN ​+ ​BMP2 substrates. (A), Representative images of actin and vinculin staining. Actin (yellow), vinculin (magenta), and DAPI (blue). The scale bar is 50 ​μm. (B), Representative images of thresholded binary images were obtained from analysis of the vinculin staining. The scale bar is 50 ​μm. (C), Cell area analysis. (D), Average focal adhesion area analysis. (E), Average focal adhesion length analysis. Each shape represents a different donor, each small shape represents each cell measured, and each large shape represents the mean from each donor. The scatter plot shows mean values and standard deviation; box plots show the median and min/max, and the red lines in box plots represent the mean values and standard error of the mean. MSCs from 3 donors and n ​≥ ​10 ​cells/donor. Ordinary two-way ANOVA with Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. ∗p ​< ​0.05, ∗∗p ​< ​0.01, ∗∗∗p ​< ​0.001, ∗∗∗∗p ​< ​0.0001. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)