Fig. 5.

I Photomicrographs of rats’ hippocampi (H&E, ×400) and II Caspase-3 immunohistochemically stained section of rats’ hippocampi (anti caspase-3 antibody, ×400); (A) normal group, (B) ALCl₃ group, (C) oxytocin-treated group, (D) galantamine-treated group, (E) combined galantamine and oxytocin-treated group. Black arrow; neuronal degeneration, red arrow; pyknotic nuclei, dashed arrow; positive cytoplasmic staining. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by Student–Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test. Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M (n = 8); *p < 0.05 vs. control, ^#p < 0.05 vs AlCl₃ group, ^$p < 0.05 vs. OX group and ^@p < 0.05 vs. GL group. NR normal; AL aluminum chloride; OX oxytocin; GL galantamine