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. 2022 Aug 4;12:13386. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16961-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantification of contrast on the hypoechoic cyst located at 80 mm as a function of the number of plane waves. (a–c). Expanded view of the hypoechoic region located at 80 mm (green rectangle in Fig. 3 (b) and (d)) going from one array (a) to three arrays (b) and after applying the SVD beamformer (c). The ROIs indicate the inside and outside areas selected to calculate the contrast metrics. The dynamic range is 60 dB for all images. (d) The autocorrelation of the speckle as a function of the lateral distance confirms the change in speckle aspect utilizing three arrays with reduced lateral correlation distance. (e) The contrast ratio as a function of the number of angles shows a slight degradation going from one to three arrays that is partially compensated by the SVD beamformer. (f, g) The contrast-to-noise ratio (f) and generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (g) as a function of the number of angles are very similar between one and three arrays, especially for a higher number of angles. A small degradation is seen for three arrays for a small number of angles but is compensated when applying the SVD beamformer.