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. 2022 Aug 4;13(8):675. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05129-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — A IHC analysis showed the expression of α-SMA and CRMP2 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues and para-carcinoma tissues (100×magnification, the zoomed-in section, 200×magnification). B Tissue microarray (TMA) containing 118 EOC patients was used to analyze expression of α-SMA and CRMP2 in non-and metastatic cases. C High expression of CRMP2 was correlated with tumor metastases. D, E Both Kaplan–Meier plotter and TMA analyses validated the high expression of CRMP2 that was related to poor prognosis. F There were α-SMA and CRMP2 co-expression in tumor stroma via immunofluorescence analysis (yellow arrow). No signal was detected in para-carcinoma tissues (200×magnification, the zoomed-in section, 400×magnification). Red and green fluorescence signal represented the expression of CRMP2 and α-SMA, respectively. While the yellow fluorescence signal represented co-expression. G, H CRMP2 + /α-SMA + represented the co-expression group, and the double positive group was associated with tumor metastases and probability of survival. I A schematic diagram showed that CRMP2 was secreted from CAFs and then stimulate the down-stream HIF-1α-glycolysis and HIF-1α-VEGFA signaling pathway to regulate the progression of ovarian cancer. OS overall survival, PPS post progression survival, PFS progression free survival.