TABLE 2.
Comparison of the prepared Zr-CMC catalyst with other Zr-based catalysts in literatures for the conversion of furfural into furfuryl alcohol using isopropanol as hydrogen donor a .
| Entry | Catalysts | Reaction conditions | C/% | Y/% | S/% | TOF/h−1 | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zr-CMC | 90°C, 3 h | 92.5 | 91.5 | 99.0 | 0.7 | This work |
| 2 | Zr-TMSA | 70°C, 5 h | 93.6 | 89.5 | 95.6 | 0.4 | Zhou et al. (2017) |
| 3 b | ZrPN | 100°C, 15 h | 93.0 | 90.0 | 96.8 | 0.4 | Li et al. (2016b) |
| 4 | Zr-HAs | 50°C, 15 h | 97.4 | 96.9 | 99.0 | 0.1 | Sha et al. (2017) |
| 5 c | Zr-PhyA | 100°C, 2 h | 99.3 | 99.3 | 100.0 | 0.8 | Song et al. (2015b) |
| 6 | Zr-RSL (1:1) | 90°C, 6 h | 93.4 | 80.9 | 86.7 | 1.0 | Hao et al. (2019) |
| 7 | Zr-SBA-15 | 90°C, 6 h | 50.0 | 40.0 | 80.0 | 0.8 | Iglesias et al. (2015) |
| 8 d | Pd/Zr-BTC | 20°C, 4 h (5bar) | 98.4 | 98.4 | 100.0 | — | Lestari et al. (2022) |
| 9 | Zr-HPAA | 150°C, 1.5 h | 98.0 | 96.0 | 97.9 | — | Liu et al. (2019) |
a
C, conversion of furfural; Y, yield of furfuryl alcohol; S, selectivity of FAL. The values of turnover frequency (TOF) were calculated by the mole of the product furfuryl alcohol/(mole of the active metals * reaction time).
b
Zr-PN, organotriphosphate-zirconium hybrid.
c
Zr-PhyA, Zr-phytic acid hybrid.
d
The reaction uses H2O as hydrogen source.