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. 2022 Jul 22;9:762449. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.762449

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Copyright © 2022 Zafar Khan, Khalid, Humza, Yang, Alvi, Munir, Ahmad, Iqbal, Tahir, Liu and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation (genetic profile, key species, isolate, serotype, toxinotypes, and pulsotypes) of 33 C. perfringens isolates obtained from buffalo and cattle in Pakistan. The macro-restriction pattern was conducted with SmaI. Dendogram obtained using BioNumerics 7.6 software and unweighted pair group method with Arithmetic mean. Letters (A–G) represents the C. perfringens toxinotypes prevalent in bovines.