Table 3.

Main clinical trials of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for MIBC.

Trial (ref.)	Phase	N of patients	Regimen	Cycles of NAC	pCR (pT0N0) rates, %	Downstaging (<pT2), %
PURE-01 (57, 58)	II	114	Pembrolizumab	3	39	56
ABACUS (59)	II	95	Atezolizumab	2	31	39
NABUCCO (60)	I	24	Ipilimumab/nivolumab	2	46	58
DUTRENEO (61)	II	61	Durvalumab/tremelimumab	3	35	57
BLASST-1 (62)	II	41	Nivolumab + GC	4	49	66
HCRN GU14-188 (63, 64)	Ib/II	12/70	Pem + GC (cohort 1) Pem + Gem (cohort 2)	4	44 54	61 52

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), number (N), muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC), pathologic complete response (pCR), pembrolizumab (Pem), gemcitabine (Gem).