Table 5.

Subtypes of bladder carcinoma according to different molecular classifications.

Classification	N of patients	Patients	Subtypes	Molecular characteristics
Lund University (2012) (97)	308	BC	Urobasal A	High FGFR3, CCND1 and P63 expression
			Urobasal B
			Genomically unstable	TP53 mutations; high CCNE and ERBB2 expression; low cytokeratin expression
			Squamous cell carcinoma-like	High expression of basal keratins
			Infiltrated	Stromal and immune cell infiltration
UNC (2014) (98)	262	High grade MIBC	Luminal	Expression of E-cadherin/CDH1 and miR-200; FGFR3 alterations
			Basal	High EGFR expression
MDA (2014) (99)	73	MIBC	Luminal	FGFR3 mutations
			Basal	P63 activation
			P53-like	P53 signature activation
TCGA (2012) (97)	131	High grade MIBC	Cluster I	Luminal phenotype
			Cluster II	Luminal phenotype with P53-like features
			Cluster III	Corresponding to basal subtype of UNC and MD Anderson classifications
			Cluster IV
TCGA (2017) (100)	412	MIBC (T2-4, N0-3, M0-1)	Luminal-papillary	FOXA1, GATA3 and PPARG expression, FGFR3 alterations
			Luminal-infiltrated	Expression of FOXA1, GATA3, PPARG, EMT and immune markers
			Luminal	Expression of FOXA1, GATA3, PPARG, KRT20
			Basal/squamous	CD44 and KRT5/6 expression; TP53 mutations
			Neuronal	Neuroendocrine and neuronal marker expression
BCMTG (2020) (101)	1750	MIBC	Luminal-papillary	FGFR3 and PPARG expression; FGFR3, ELF3 and KDM6A mutations
			Luminal non-specified	PPARG, E2F3 and ERBB2 expression; TP53 and ERCC2 mutations
			Luminal unstable	EGFR expression; TP53 and RB1 mutations
			Stroma-rich	Neuroendocrine differentiation; loss or mutations of TP53 and RB1

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), bladder cancer (BC), number (N), University of North Carolina (UNC), MD Anderson (MDA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (Bladder Cancer Molecular Taxonomy Group (BCMTG).