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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Pathol. 2019 Oct 8;47(8):962–975. doi: 10.1177/0192623319878402

Figure 2. The proposed schematic of the mechanisms by which chemical and non-chemical stressors affect multiple organs through the activation/suppression of neuroendocrine axes.

Figure 2.

SAM, sympathetic-adrenal-medullary; HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; HPT, hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid; HPG, hypothalamus-pituitary gonadal axes.