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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Pathol. 2019 Oct 8;47(8):962–975. doi: 10.1177/0192623319878402

Figure 3. A flowchart of interactive effects of air pollutants and non-chemical stressors.

Figure 3.

Air pollutant-induced neuroendocrine activation producing a stress response, which when combined with the impact of other stressors and host susceptibilities may still maintain plasticity and lead to adaptation through adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors or produce an impairment.