Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the pediatric ADHD cohort (n = 274).
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, year | 10.4 ± 2.6 |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Male | 227 (82.8) |
| Female | 47 (17.2) |
| Nutritional statusa, n (%) | |
| Normal | 188 (68.6) |
| Overweight | 56 (20.5) |
| Obesity | 30 (10.9) |
| ADHD duration, median (IQR), months | 22.1 (9.89, 45.45) |
| Associated psychiatric diseases, n (%) | |
| Specific learning disorder | 136 (49.6) |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 22 (8.0) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 5 (1.8) |
| Cognitive deficits | 4 (1.5) |
| Vocal tic disorder | 4 (1.5) |
| Anxiety disorder | 4 (1.5) |
| Bipolar disorder | 2 (0.7) |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 2 (0.7) |
| Psychiatric medication | |
| Methylphenidate | 211 (77.0) |
| Methylphenidate and anti-psychotics | 47 (17.2) |
| Methylphenidate and fluoxetine | 9 (3.3) |
| Methylphenidate and clonidine | 5 (1.8) |
| No psychiatric medication | 2 (0.7) |
ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range. aNutritional status was defined by weight for height normative reference values in Thai children. (21) Normal, % weight- for-height ≤ 120; overweight, % weight-for-height > 120–140; obesity, % weight-for-height > 140.