Figure 1.

Formation and application of micro‐gel ensembles. a) Schematic synthesis of micro‐gel ensembles via hydrogen bonding of Gel 1 and Gel 2. b) Microfluidic assembly of Gel 1 and 2 into micro‐gel ensembles with various macrostructures using specific microfluidic chips and channels. c) The pH regulating mechanism of micro‐gel ensembles for skin wound treatments, and d) the corresponding skin healing mechanism. Initially, the ‐COOH group on the surface of Gel 1 releases free H⁺ into the wound microenvironment, which adjust the pH of the wound during the early stage of skin healing. Then, the rich ‐NH₂ group in Gel 2 absorbs free H⁺ from the microenvironment, converting to NH₃ ⁺ and destroying the bacterial membrane structures, thus protecting the wound whilst regulating the pH value of the wound during the late stages of skin healing. Finally, micro‐gel ensembles regulate the wound's microenvironment, facilitating rapid healing process (anti‐infective, adipocyte covering wound, and macrophage polarization).