Table 1.
Novel and emerging treatments for dyslipidemia
| Name | Target | Mechanism of action | Stage | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclisiran | PCSK9 | siRNA targeting PCSK9 | Phase 3 | ↓ LDL-C |
| Bempedoic acid | ACLY | Small molecule targeting ACLY | Phase 2–3 | ↓ LDL-C |
| Pemafibrate | PPARα | Selective PPARα modulator | Phase 3 | ↓ TG |
| Icosapent ethyl | PPAR | Activation of PPAR | Phase 3 | ↓ TG |
| Volanesorsen | ApoC3 | ASO targeting ApoC3 | Approved (EU)/Phase 3 | ↓ TG |
| Evinacumab | ANGPTL3 | ANGPTL3 monoclonal antibody | Phase 2–3 | ↓ TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C |
| Vupanorsen | ANGPTL3 | ASO targeting ANGPTL3 | Phase 2 | ↓ TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C |
| IONIS-APO(a)Rx | Apo(a) | ASO targeting Lp(a) | Phase 2 | ↓ Lp(a) |
| IONIS-APO(a)LRx | Apo(a) | ASO targeting Lp(a) | Phase 2–3 | ↓ Lp(a) |
| Olpasiran | Apo(a) | siRNA targeting Lp(a) | Phase 1 | ↓ Lp(a) |
| SLN360 | Apo(a) | siRNA targeting Lp(a) | Phase 1 | ↓ Lp(a) |
| CSL-112 | ApoA1 | ApoA1 | Phase 3 | ↑ HDL-C |
PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; siRNA, small interfering RNA; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ACLY, ATP citrate lyase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; TG, triglyceride; ApoC3, apolipoprotein C3; ASO, antisense oligonucleotide; EU, European Union; ANGPTL3, angipoietin-like 3; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo(a), apolipoprotein(a); Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1.