Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by the development of incident CKD
| Characteristic | No CKD (n=2,716) | Incident CKD (n=472) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 55.5±10.1 | 63.4±7.6 | <0.001a |
| Male sex | 1,426 (52.5) | 170 (36.0) | <0.001a |
| Duration of diabetes, yr | 6.9±6.5 | 10.2±7.5 | <0.001a |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4±3.2 | 24.6±3.0 | 0.175 |
| WC, cm | 83.6±8.8 | 84.0±7.6 | 0.300 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 133.2±17.2 | 142.8±18.2 | <0.001a |
| DBP, mm Hg | 85.4±11.0 | 108.4±48.3 | 0.303 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 159.5±57.9 | 162.0±59.2 | 0.395 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.3±1.9 | 8.6±1.9 | 0.003a |
| KITT, %/min | 2.1±1.0 | 1.9±0.9 | <0.001a |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 195.7±40.1 | 197.1±41.7 | 0.473 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 145.5±110.0 | 156.1±116.3 | 0.055 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.4±13.6 | 50.5±13.8 | 0.187 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 116.0±34.9 | 116.0±37.4 | 0.993 |
| AST, IU/L | 28.0±15.8 | 28.3±13.4 | 0.683 |
| ALT, IU/L | 30.5±25.9 | 28.8±22.2 | 0.130 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 92.9±15.1 | 81.3±14.2 | <0.001a |
| Hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.9 (0.5–2.2) | <0.001a |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 4.4±1.3 | 4.7±1.5 | <0.001a |
| Hypertension | 690 (25.4) | 195 (41.3) | <0.001a |
| Insulin | 257 (9.5) | 91 (19.3) | <0.001a |
| Metformin | 1,158 (42.6) | 224 (47.5) | 0.057 |
| Sulfonylurea | 1,365 (50.3) | 300 (63.6) | <0.001a |
| Thiazolidinedione | 251 (9.2) | 44 (9.3) | 1.000 |
| ARB/ACE inhibitors | 149 (5.5) | 27 (5.7) | 0.924 |
| Statin | 400 (14.7) | 105 (22.2) | <0.001a |
| NAFLD (+) | 1,476 (54.4) | 252 (53.4) | 0.732 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
CKD, chronic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; KITT, rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Statistically significant.