Table 3.

Multivariable Cox regression analyses showing the associations between NAFLD and the risk of incident CKD among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

	HR	95% CI	P value
Crude hazard ratio	0.98	0.82–1.18	0.849
Model 1	1.09	0.91–1.30	0.368
Model 2	1.13	0.94–1.36	0.194
Model 3	1.13	0.93–1.36	0.212
Model 4	1.08	0.89–1.32	0.435

Model 1: adjustment for age (age was applied as a categorical variable with median age of 58 years), sex, and body mass index; Model 2: Model 1+adjustment for duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, glycosylated hemoglobin level, total cholesterol level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 3: Model 2+adjustments for use of sulfonylurea, insulin, statin, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blockers; and Model 4: Model 3+adjustments for log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level and rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance (KITT) value.

NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.