Table 1.
Means (and Standard Deviations) or Proportions, Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, 2011.
| Variable | Total Sample (N = 10,317) | High Schoola (N = 6,137) | Some Collegeb (N = 1,613) | Nonselective Collegec (N = 919) | Selective Colleged (N = 374) | Postgraduate Educatione (N = 1,274) | Significant Subgroup Differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memory (standard deviations) | 0.00 (1.00) | −0.17 (0.99) | 0.03 (0.99) | 0.16 (0.98) | 0.38 (0.93) | 0.39 (0.91) | ab, ac, ad, ae, bd, be, cd, ce |
| Midlife SES | |||||||
| Income at age 53 (range: 0–300,000) | −0.03 (0.90) | −0.23 (0.67) | −0.04 (0.83) | 0.13 (0.89) | 0.50 (1.40) | 0.54 (1.30) | ab, ac, ad, ae, bc, be, cd, ce, de |
| Occupational prestige score (range: −463 to 1,424) | 45.76 (24.50) | 37.14 (21.99) | 48.82 (22.22) | 53.99 (24.00) | 63.82 (20.19) | 67.28 (18.63) | ab, ac, ad, ae, bc, be, cd, ce, de |
| Adolescent SES | |||||||
| Adolescent SES score (range: 1–97) | 2.52 (0.76) | 2.30 (0.71) | 2.70 (0.72) | 2.65 (0.76) | 3.20 (0.62) | 2.94 (0.71) | ab, ac, ad, ae, bc, be, cd, ce, de |
| Number of siblings | 3.20 (2.39) | 2.97 (2.17) | 3.56 (2.54) | 2.85 (2.17) | 2.22 (1.78) | 2.57 (1.99) | ab, ac, ad, ae, bc, be, cd, ce, de |
| Lived with both parents during high school | 89.82% | 89.11% | 89.2% | 90.7% | 92.69% | 91.85% | ac, ad, ae, bd, be, cd, de |
| Rural residence during high school | 51.17% | 56.56% | 43.6% | 49.6% | 33.33% | 41.76% | ab, ac, ad, ae, bc, cd, ce, de |
| Later-life health | |||||||
| Poor self-reported health at age 72 | 13.90% | 15.83% | 13.5% | 13.01% | 10.52% | 6.91% | ab, ac, ad, ae, be, cd, ce, de |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Female | 51.60% | 56.94% | 51.59% | 46.86% | 40.64% | 35.61% | ab, ac, ad, ae, bc, be, cd, ce, de |
| Obtained bachelor’s degree before age 25 | 49.90% | — | 50.00% | 27.95% | 82.46% | 68.55% | ac, ad, ae, bc, be, cd, ce, de |
Note. Significant subgroup differences were tested using analysis of variance with a Scheffe post hoc test to adjust for multiple comparisons. Significant subgroup differences (p < .05) are denoted as the following: ab = high school versus some college; ac = high school versus nonselective college; ad = high school versus selective college; ae = high school versus post-graduate education; bc = some college versus nonselective college; bd = some college versus selective college; be = some college versus postgraduate education; cd = nonselective college versus selective college; ce = nonselective college versus postgraduate education; and de = selective college versus postgraduate education. SES = socioeconomic status.