Table 3.

List of analyzed chlorophyll fluorescence traits (CFT) with abbreviations, equation for calculation, and the reference if appropriate.

Abbrev	Trait	Wavelength/equation
F0	Minimum fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves	See description in Material and methods Section
Fm	Maximum fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves	See description in Material and methods Section
Fs'	Steady-state fluorescence yield	See description in Material and methods Section
Fm'	Maximum chlorophyll fluorescence of light-adapted leaves	See description in Material and methods Section
Fo'	Minimum fluorescence yield of illuminated plant	See description in Material and methods Section
Fv/Fm	Maximum efficiency of photosystem two	Fv/Fm = (Fm-F0)/Fm (Kitajima and Butler, 1975)
Fq'/Fm'	Effective quantum yield of photosystem two	Fq'/Fm' = (Fm' - Fs')/Fm' (Genty et al., 1989)
ETR	Electron transport rate	ETR = Fq'/Fm' × PPFD × (0.5) (Genty et al., 1989)
NPQ	Non-photochemical quenching	NPQ = (Fm - Fm')/Fm' (Bilger and Björkman, 1990)
qP	Coefficient of photochemical quenching	qP = (Fm' - Fs')/Fv (Schreiber et al., 1986)
qN	Coefficient of non-photochemical quenching	qN = 1 – (Fm' – Fo')/(Fm – Fo) (Schreiber et al., 1986)
qL	Estimation of “open” reaction centers on basis of a lake model	qL = ((Fm' - Fs') × Fo'))/((Fm' - Fo') × Fs')) (Kramer et al., 2004)
(Φnq)	Quantum yield of non-regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII	Φnq = 1/(NPQ + 1 + qL(Fm/Fo - 1)) (Genty et al., 1996)
(Φnpq)	Quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII	Φnpq = 1 - ΦpsII - 1/(NPQ + 1 + qL(Fm/Fo - 1)) (Genty et al., 1996)