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Hyperglycemia progressively induces microglia polarization likely to M2c. (A–L) The polarization-related genes were examined in HMC3 microglia cultured in normal glucose (2.8 mmol/l) or high glucose (16.7 mmol/l) in vitro at the start of the culture, 4 weeks’ culture, and 16 weeks’ culture. ELISA comparisons of expression levels of CD163 (A), CD206 (B), ARG1 (C), iNOS (D), IL-1β (E), IL-12 (F), TGFβ1 (G), TGFβ2 (H), TGFBI (I), TGIF1 (J), TGIF2 (K), and IL-10 (L). *p < 0.05. N = 5.
