Table 2.
Distribution of individual characteristics across the five-class model
| Characteristic | Overall | Low Risk, Barriers to Care (Group 1) | Previously Healthy with Severe Illness and Complex Needs after Discharge, Barriers to Care (Group 2) | Multimorbidity (Group 3) | Poor Functional Status (Group 4) | Existing Poor Health with Severe Illness and Complex Needs after Discharge (Group 5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at admission, yr, mean ± SE | 58.2 ± 10.53 | 45.1 ± 26.51 | 50.4 ± 35.12 | 63.2 ± 22.14 | 68.8 ± 40.33 | 65.3 ± 21.97 |
| Sex, % ± SE | ||||||
| Female | 52.4 ± 0.35 | 57.9 ± 0.78 | 47.8 ± 1.10 | 49.5 ± 0.77 | 54.1 ± 1.30 | 51.8 ± 0.87 |
| Male | 47.6 ± 0.35 | 42.1 ± 0.78 | 52.2 ± 1.10 | 50.5 ± 0.77 | 45.9 ± 1.30 | 48.2 ± 0.87 |
| Race, % ± SE | ||||||
| Black | 26.5 ± 0.31 | 23.4 ± 0.67 | 25.5 ± 0.96 | 25.9 ± 0.68 | 28.5 ± 1.18 | 30.2 ± 0.80 |
| White | 68.0 ± 0.32 | 65.9 ± 0.75 | 67.6 ± 1.03 | 69.9 ± 0.71 | 70.3 ± 1.20 | 66.5 ± 0.82 |
| Other | 5.6 ± 0.16 | 10.8 ± 0.48 | 6.9 ± 0.55 | 4.3 ± 0.31 | 1.2 ± 0.39 | 3.3 ± 0.31 |
| Coexisting conditions, % ± SE | ||||||
| CHF | 19.3 ± 0.26 | — | — | 28.6 ± 0.69 | 27.4 ± 1.14 | 37.2 ± 0.84 |
| COPD | 36.7 ± 0.32 | 13.1 ± 0.61 | 12.3 ± 0.86 | 52.4 ± 0.77 | 45.5 ± 1.30 | 53.9 ± 0.87 |
| Dementia | 4.4 ± 0.14 | — | — | 2.7 ± 0.29 | 13.6 ± 0.79 | 8.8 ± 0.49 |
| Diabetes | 37.6 ± 0.31 | 9.2 ± 0.57 | 7.5 ± 0.82 | 53.1 ± 0.77 | 49.9 ± 1.30 | 62.2 ± 0.85 |
| Metastatic cancer | 4.2 ± 0.13 | — | — | 10.4 ± 0.44 | 0.6 ± 0.43 | 5.7 ± 0.39 |
| Nonmetastatic cancer | 13.1 ± 0.22 | — | — | 31.5 ± 0.69 | 4.1 ± 0.76 | 18.7 ± 0.66 |
| Renal disease | 24.6 ± 0.27 | — | — | 39.5 ± 0.74 | 32.6 ± 1.20 | 44.7 ± 0.86 |
| Liver disease | 16.9 ± 0.35 | 3.0 ± 0.35 | 3.8 ± 0.52 | 32.5 ± 0.65 | 13.8 ± 0.89 | 24.5 ± 0.68 |
| Site of infection, % ± SE | ||||||
| Respiratory | 38.0 ± 0.33 | 27.9 ± 0.72 | 48.6 ± 1.10 | 36.5 ± 0.74 | 38.1 ± 1.30 | 44.9 ± 0.87 |
| Genitourinary | 36.4 ± 0.33 | 40.0 ± 0.77 | 28.2 ± 1.00 | 34.7 ± 0.74 | 49.4 ± 1.30 | 31.3 ± 0.82 |
| Bacteremia, site unspecified | 8.5 ± 0.19 | 7.8 ± 0.42 | 11.8 ± 0.69 | 6.8 ± 0.38 | 3.9 ± 0.60 | 12.4 ± 0.56 |
| Abdominal | 3.5 ± 0.13 | 4.5 ± 0.33 | 1.0 ± 0.25 | 6.5 ± 0.37 | 1.0 ± 0.36 | 1.9 ± 0.24 |
| Wound/soft tissue | 3.6 ± 0.13 | 7.5 ± 0.40 | 4.3 ± 0.43 | 2.0 ± 0.22 | — | 3.2 ± 0.29 |
| Other | 9.9 ± 0.21 | 12.3 ± 0.51 | 6.2 ± 0.54 | 13.4 ± 0.22 | 7.6 ± 0.71 | 6.4 ± 0.44 |
| Infection severity, mean ± SE | ||||||
| Maximum WBC, 103/ml | 14.9 ± 5.53 | 15.4 ± 11.51 | 17.3 ± 19.33 | 12.7 ± 12.46 | 14.6 ± 19.04 | 15.7 ± 15.09 |
| Maximum temperature, °F | 100.3 ± 1.24 | 100.4 ± 2.79 | 100.6 ± 4.38 | 100.1 ± 2.65 | 100.1 ± 4.33 | 100.4 ± 3.19 |
| Maximum respiratory rate, breaths/min | 28.3 ± 8.26 | 26.6 ± 13.84 | 32.9 ± 40.14 | 26.2 ± 14.74 | 29.0 ± 33.01 | 29.7 ± 18.77 |
| Minimum SBP, mm Hg | 94.2 ± 13.27 | 97.8 ± 26.76 | 86.1 ± 43.68 | 101.4 ± 29.11 | 90.6 ± 50.38 | 88.3 ± 37.25 |
Definition of abbreviations: CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SE = standard error; WBC = white blood cell count.