Table 3.

Systemic Risk Factors Associated with Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in the Two Pathways

Variables	Tele-ophthalmology		Face-to-face consultation
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Duration of diabetes (<5 years)-reference	1.00		1.00
Duration of diabetes (5.1–10 years)	2.20 (1.80–2.70)	<0.001	2.24 (1.87–2.68)	<0.001
Duration of diabetes (10.1–15 years)	3.92 (3.20–4.81)	<0.001	4.34 (3.65–5.16)	<0.001
Duration of diabetes >15 years	4.93 (4.00–6.07)	<0.001	6.92 (5.84–8.21)	<0.001
HbA1c—<7.0%-reference	1.00		1.00
HbA1c—7.1–8.0%	1.362 (1.05–1.76)	<0.001	1.36 (1.17–1.59)	<0.001
HbA1c—8–10%	2.27 (1.81–2.84)	<0.001	1.96 (1.70–2.25)	<0.001
HbA1c—>10%	3.56 (2.85–4.45)	<0.001	3.37 (2.92–3.90)	<0.001
Hypertension	1.41 (1.24–1.59)	<0.001	1.37 (1.25–1.50)	<0.001
Microalbuminuria	2.44 (2.15–2.76)	<0.001	2.75 (2.51–3.01)	<0.001
Age	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	<0.001	0.98 (0.98–0.98)	<0.001
Gender (male)	1.36 (1.19–1.54)	<0.001	1.35 (1.23–1.48)	<0.001

After adjusting for one another and other covariates.

OR, odds ratio.