Table 2.
Glycemic Outcomes During Postmeal Periods by Time of Day
| Time of meal | Run-in (n = 98) | 670G arm (n = 112) | AHCL arm (n = 112) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast | |||
| No. of meals per participant | 13 ± 7 | 46 ± 25 | 45 ± 23 |
| Meal size (g) | 41 ± 16 | 41 ± 15 | 40 ± 15 |
| Baseline glucose (mg/dL) | 166 ± 30 | 162 ± 28 | 148 ± 23 |
| Peak glucose (mg/dL) | 233 ± 32 | 230 ± 29 | 225 ± 28 |
| Time to peak (minutes) | 79 ± 32 | 80 ± 21 | 87 ± 16 |
| Nadir glucose (mg/dL) | 120 ± 31 | 121 ± 18 | 115 ± 16 |
| Glucose excursion (mg/dL) | 67 ± 29 | 69 ± 23 | 76 ± 21 |
| Mean glucose (mg/dL) | 181 ± 32 | 178 ± 23 | 173 ± 22 |
| % TIR (70–180 mg/dL) | 50% ± 21% | 55% ± 15% | 59% ± 14% |
| % TIR (70–140 mg/dL) | 27% ± 16% | 29% ± 11% | 33% ± 10% |
| Coefficient of variation | 31% ± 9% | 33% ± 5% | 34% ± 5% |
| % Time <70 mg/dL | 2.7% ± 4.1% | 1.6% ± 1.4% | 1.8% ± 1.9% |
| % Time <54 mg/dLa | 0.41% ± 0.64% | 0.31% ± 0.40% | 0.33% ± 0.39% |
| % Time >180 mg/dL | 47% ± 21% | 44% ± 15% | 39% ± 14% |
| % Time >250 mg/dL | 15% ± 15% | 13% ± 12% | 12% ± 11% |
| Lunch | |||
| No. of meals per participant | 26 ± 9 | 87 ± 16 | 89 ± 16 |
| Meal size (g) | 47 ± 17 | 46 ± 17 | 45 ± 15 |
| Baseline glucose (mg/dL) | 177 ± 32 | 172 ± 25 | 165 ± 26 |
| Peak glucose (mg/dL) | 241 ± 37 | 235 ± 25 | 231 ± 25 |
| Time to peak (minutes) | 76 ± 21 | 81 ± 15 | 85 ± 15 |
| Nadir glucose (mg/dL) | 128 ± 29 | 122 ± 15 | 120 ± 18 |
| Glucose excursion (mg/dL) | 63 ± 21 | 64 ± 15 | 66 ± 15 |
| Mean glucose (mg/dL) | 186 ± 32 | 180 ± 20 | 177 ± 23 |
| % TIR (70–180 mg/dL) | 50% ± 18% | 53% ± 12% | 55% ± 13% |
| % TIR (70–140 mg/dL) | 28% ± 14% | 29% ± 9% | 30% ± 11% |
| Coefficient of variation | 34% ± 6% | 35% ± 4% | 35% ± 4% |
| % Time <70 mg/dL | 1.9% ± 2.0% | 2.1% ± 1.7% | 2.1% ± 1.8% |
| % Time <54 mg/dLa | 0.32% ± 0.49% | 0.47% ± 0.46% | 0.44% ± 0.38% |
| % Time >180 mg/dL | 49% ± 19% | 45% ± 12% | 43% ± 14% |
| % Time >250 mg/dL | 19% ± 15% | 15% ± 10% | 14% ± 10% |
| Dinner | |||
| No. of meals per participant | 23 ± 9 | 76 ± 17 | 76 ± 17 |
| Meal size (g) | 47 ± 17 | 47 ± 17 | 46 ± 16 |
| Baseline glucose (mg/dL) | 189 ± 39 | 182 ± 26 | 177 ± 24 |
| Peak glucose (mg/dL) | 243 ± 38 | 238 ± 26 | 234 ± 25 |
| Time to peak (minutes) | 70 ± 22 | 78 ± 13 | 80 ± 15 |
| Nadir glucose (mg/dL) | 129 ± 28 | 126 ± 19 | 125 ± 20 |
| Glucose excursion (mg/dL) | 53 ± 19 | 57 ± 15 | 57 ± 14 |
| Mean glucose (mg/dL) | 186 ± 32 | 182 ± 22 | 179 ± 23 |
| % TIR (70–180 mg/dL) | 49% ± 17% | 52% ± 13% | 52% ± 12% |
| % TIR (70–140 mg/dL) | 28% ± 15% | 28% ± 10% | 29% ± 11% |
| Coefficient of variation | 35% ± 6% | 36% ± 4% | 35% ± 4% |
| % Time <70 mg/dL | 2.5% ± 3.1% | 2.3% ± 1.9% | 2.2% ± 1.9% |
| % Time <54 mg/dL a | 0.42% ± 0.63% | 0.49% ± 0.45% | 0.44% ± 0.42% |
| % Time >180 mg/dL | 48% ± 18% | 46% ± 14% | 46% ± 13% |
| % Time >250 mg/dL | 19% ± 14% | 16% ± 10% | 15% ± 9% |
| Nighttime | |||
| no. of meals per participant | 7 ± 6 | 21 ± 19 | 20 ± 18 |
| Meal size (g) | 41 ± 18 | 41 ± 17 | 41 ± 17 |
| Baseline glucose (mg/dL) | 194 ± 53 | 196 ± 41 | 192 ± 42 |
| Peak glucose (mg/dL) | 246 ± 49 | 241 ± 36 | 241 ± 36 |
| Time to peak (minutes) | 68 ± 46 | 67 ± 34 | 65 ± 34 |
| Nadir glucose (mg/dL) | 138 ± 50 | 127 ± 24 | 127 ± 26 |
| Glucose excursion (mg/dL) | 47 ± 30 | 48 ± 29 | 49 ± 31 |
| Mean glucose (mg/dL) | 188 ± 48 | 184 ± 28 | 182 ± 30 |
| % TIR (70–180 mg/dL) | 47% ± 29% | 51% ± 18% | 50% ± 17% |
| % TIR (70–140 mg/dL) | 28% ± 25% | 28% ± 15% | 28% ± 14% |
| Coefficient of variation | 27% ± 12% | 34% ± 9% | 34% ± 8% |
| % Time <70 mg/dL | 1.8% ± 4.2% | 2.4% ± 3.6% | 2.7% ± 3.9% |
| % Time <54 mg/dLa | 0.15% ± 0.41% | 0.35% ± 0.53% | 0.40% ± 0.52% |
| % Time >180 mg/dL | 52% ± 29% | 47% ± 18% | 47% ± 18% |
| % Time >250 mg/dL | 19% ± 23% | 18% ± 15% | 16% ± 13% |
Values are reported as mean ± SD.
a
Summary statistics winsorized at the 10th and 90th percentiles to account for skewness.
TIR, time in range.