Table 3.
Changes in the top 10 ranking of economies based on centrality in the global medical device trade network.
| Measure | Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betweenness centrality | 2001 | United States of America | Germany | Italy | France | Netherlands | Japan | Belgium | United Kingdom | Spain | Russian Federation |
| 8.469 | 7.08 | 4.622 | 4.017 | 3.837 | 3.034 | 2.724 | 2.711 | 1.675 | 1.588 | ||
| 2005 | United States of America | Germany | France | Italy | Netherlands | Belgium | Switzerland | United Kingdom | Russian Federation | Brazil | |
| 9.8 | 6.062 | 4.141 | 3.042 | 3.012 | 2.877 | 2.677 | 1.843 | 1.765 | 1.623 | ||
| 2010 | United States of America | Germany | France | Italy | Switzerland | United Kingdom | Netherlands | Belgium | Egypt | China | |
| 10.721 | 6.929 | 3.865 | 3.341 | 2.872 | 2.747 | 2.637 | 2.196 | 1.416 | 1.341 | ||
| 2015 | United States of America | Germany | France | Netherlands | Switzerland | Belgium | United Kingdom | Italy | Russian Federation | Turkey | |
| 7.911 | 7.059 | 4.312 | 3.148 | 3.067 | 2.651 | 2.55 | 1.906 | 1.589 | 1.388 | ||
| 2020 | Germany | United States of America | Netherlands | China | France | Italy | United Kingdom | Switzerland | Belgium | Brazil | |
| 6.786 | 6.381 | 4.659 | 2.724 | 2.612 | 2.525 | 1.755 | 1.752 | 1.603 | 1.569 | ||
| In-degree closeness centrality | 2001 | United Arab Emirates | Iran, Islamic Republic of | Pakistan | Bangladesh | Kuwait | Lebanon | Panama | Ethiopia | Nigeria | Ecuador |
| 7.411 | 7.369 | 7.363 | 7.342 | 7.328 | 7.328 | 7.308 | 7.295 | 7.295 | 7.268 | ||
| 2005 | Kuwait | Iran, Islamic Republic of | Egypt | Bangladesh | Algeria | Panama | Nigeria | Ethiopia | Qatar | United States of America | |
| 10.408 | 9.553 | 9.518 | 9.416 | 9.382 | 9.36 | 9.36 | 9.349 | 9.294 | 8.977 | ||
| 2010 | United Arab Emirates | Kazakhstan | Kuwait | Algeria | Germany | United States of America | France | United Kingdom | Italy | Netherlands | |
| 22.191 | 21.644 | 21.237 | 21.237 | 19.363 | 19.315 | 18.854 | 18.72 | 18.72 | 18.676 | ||
| 2015 | Ecuador | Algeria | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | Ethiopia | Germany | United States of America | France | Netherlands | Belgium | Turkey | |
| 21.884 | 21.644 | 21.067 | 20.735 | 19.603 | 19.363 | 19.175 | 19.036 | 18.9 | 18.9 | ||
| 2020 | Algeria | Iran, Islamic Republic of | Bangladesh | Lebanon | Ethiopia | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | Germany | United States of America | Netherlands | France | |
| 15.076 | 15.076 | 15.019 | 14.934 | 14.739 | 14.549 | 14.057 | 13.958 | 13.86 | 13.835 | ||
| Out-degree closeness centrality | 2001 | Germany | United States of America | France | Netherlands | Italy | United Kingdom | Belgium | Switzerland | Japan | Sweden |
| 50 | 50 | 49.686 | 49.686 | 49.375 | 49.068 | 48.466 | 48.466 | 48.171 | 47.024 | ||
| 2005 | United States of America | Germany | Netherlands | United Kingdom | France | Italy | Switzerland | China | Belgium | Japan | |
| 98.75 | 98.75 | 98.75 | 98.75 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 91.86 | 91.86 | ||
| 2010 | Germany | United States of America | Netherlands | Belgium | Switzerland | France | United Kingdom | Italy | China | Korea, Republic of | |
| 100 | 100 | 100 | 98.75 | 98.75 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 96.341 | ||
| 2015 | Germany | United States of America | Netherlands | Italy | China | France | Belgium | Korea, Republic of | United Kingdom | Switzerland | |
| 100 | 100 | 100 | 98.75 | 98.75 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 96.341 | 96.341 | ||
| 2020 | Germany | United States of America | Netherlands | China | Italy | United Kingdom | Switzerland | France | Belgium | Korea, Republic of | |
| 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 97.531 | 96.341 | 96.341 | 96.341 |