Table 4.
Odds ratios and (95%CIs) for poor self-rated health in Japanese and Egyptian civil workers according to gender-and country-specific categories of conflicts between work and family
| Japan | Egypt | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/total | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Case/total | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Women | 308/1596 | 273/1614 | ||||||
| Family-to-work conflict (FWC) | ||||||||
| Weak | 116/746 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 95/690 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 115/611 | 1.34 (0.99–2.81) | 1.59 (1.15–2.20) | 1.61 (1.16–2.24) | 121/717 | 1.33 (0.99–1.79) | 1.32 (0.97–1.77) | 1.30 (0.96–1.76) |
| Strong | 77/239 | 2.91 (2.02–4.21) | 4.05 (2.65–6.18) | 4.08 (2.66–6.27) | 57/207 | 2.59 (1.77–3.79) | 2.62 (1.77–3.86) | 2.57 (1.73–3.82) |
| p-trend | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Work-to-family conflict ( WFC) | ||||||||
| Weak | 67/562 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 70/557 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 171/835 | 2.04 (1.49–2.80) | 2.04 (1.48–2.81) | 2.20 (1.58–3.07) | 114/664 | 1.60 (1.15–2.23) | 1.63 (1.17–2.27) | 1.61 (1.14–2.26) |
| Strong | 70/199 | 4.56 (3.05–6.84) | 4.95 (3.27–7.49) | 5.45 (3.47–8.54) | 89/393 | 2.46 (1.71–3.54) | 2.59 (1.79–3.75) | 2.63 (1.79–3.88) |
| P-trend | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Total work-family conflicts (W–F–Cs) | ||||||||
| Weak | 122/859 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 101/752 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 92/447 | 1.73 (1.26–2.37) | 1.88 (1.35–2.61) | 1.88 (1.34–2.62) | 77/479 | 1.34 (0.96–1.85) | 1.36 (0.98–1.90) | 1.37 (0.98–1.92) |
| Strong | 94/290 | 3.36 (2.39–4.73) | 4.19 (2.89–6.08) | 4.28 (2.91–6.30) | 95/383 | 2.43 (1.75–3.36) | 2.47 (1.78–3.44) | 2.46 (1.75–3.47) |
| p-trend | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Age | ||||||||
| < = 30 years | 99/505 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 69/454 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 31–40 years | 58/316 | 0.64 (0.43–0.94) | 0.79 (0.51–1.20) | 0.79 (0.49–1.16) | 80/530 | 1.10 (0.77–1.58) | 1.09 (0.72–1.63) | 1.08 (0.71–1.65) |
| 41–50 years | 94/502 | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | 0.84 (0.57–1.26) | 0.77 (0.51–1.16) | 70/379 | 1.40 (0.96–2.05) | 1.31 (0.84–2.05) | 1.32 (0.83–2.09) |
| > 50 years | 57/273 | 0.89 (0.59–1.33) | 0.98 (0.60–1.61) | 0.91 (0.55–1.51) | 54/251 | 1.83 (1.20–2.77) | 1.48 (0.89–2.46) | 1.51 (0.89–2.56) |
| p-trend | 0.41 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.002 | 0.09 | 0.08 | ||
| Smoking habit | ||||||||
| Never | 288/1504 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 272/1604 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Former | 14/59 | 1.25 (0.66–2.38) | 1.23 (0.63–2.39) | 1.26 (0.63–2.52) | 1/5 | 1.40 (0.15–12.8) | 1.39 (0.15–13.0) | 1.26 (0.13–12.2) |
| Current | 6/33 | 0.99 (0.40–2.48) | 0.92 (0.37–2.31) | 1.02 (0.40–2.59) | 0/5 | ––––- | ––––- | ––––- |
| p-trend | 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.47 | ||
| Alcohol drinking habit | ||||||||
| Never | 200/1065 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Former | 10/32 | 0.93 (0.71–1.23) | 0.90 (0.68–1.20) | 0.90 (0.68–1.21) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Current | 98/499 | 1.69 (0.75–3.81) | 2.02 (0.88–4.67) | 2.06 (0.88–4.78) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| p-trend | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.40 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Physical activity in MET units | ||||||||
| Q1 | 44/258 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 60/361 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 53/325 | 1.02 (0.64–1.61) | 1.00 (0.71–1.70) | 1.01 (0.72–1.71) | 58/340 | 1.12 (0.76–1.65) | 1.10 (0.74–1.63) | 1.06 (0.71–1.58) |
| Q3 | 44/286 | 0.92 (0.79–1.22) | 0.90 (0.77–1.21) | 0.90 (0.76–1.23) | 43/237 | 0.99 (0.69–1.44) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | 0.95 (0.65–1.40) |
| Q4 | 41/228 | 1.10 (0.82–1.54) | 1.08 (0.78–1.45) | 1.09 (0.78–1.44) | 52/285 | 0.81 (0.56–1.16) | 0.79 (0.55–1.14) | 0.77 (0.53–1.12) |
| p-trend | 0.45 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.32 | ||
| Men | 563/3266 | 83/1497 | ||||||
| Family-to-work conflict (FWC) | ||||||||
| Weak | 232/1874 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 15/563 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 242/1137 | 1.99 (1.63–2.44) | 2.47 (1.99–3.07) | 2.38 (1.91–2.96) | 32/592 | 1.19 (0.72–1.96) | 1.18 (0.71–1.98) | 1.15 (0.68–1.94) |
| Strong | 89/255 | 3.95 (2.93–5.34) | 5.35 (3.88–7.47) | 5.16 (3.73–7.15) | 36/342 | 2.87 (1.55–5.33) | 3.09 (1.64–5.78) | 2.77 (1.45–5.30) |
| p-trend | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Work-to-family conflict ( WFC) | ||||||||
| Weak | 143/1428 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 36/773 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 310/1593 | 2.22 (1.79–2.75) | 2.48 (1.99–3.09) | 2.35 (1.88–2.95) | 30/577 | 2.21 (1.18–4.16) | 2.32 (1.22–4.42) | 2.33 (1.21–4.47) |
| Strong | 110/245 | 7.51 (5.51–10.24) | 9.05 (6.56–12.49) | 8.45 (6.01–11.87) | 17/147 | 5.01 (2.63–9.54) | 5.37 (2.78–9.40) | 5.06 (2.52–10.17) |
| P-trend | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.009 | ||
| Total work-family conflicts (W–F–Cs) | ||||||||
| Weak | 252/2103 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 25/787 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 179/821 | 2.12 (1.71–2.63) | 2.51 (2.00–3.14) | 2.35 (1.87–2.95) | 32/424 | 2.80 (1.62–4.84) | 2.84 (1.63–4.95) | 2.79 (1.58–4.92) |
| Strong | 132/342 | 4.85 (3.73–6.29) | 6.36 (4.81–8.41) | 6.01 (4.50–8.01) | 26/286 | 3.26 (1.82–5.84) | 3.47 (1.92–6.29) | 3.11 (1.67–5.80) |
| P-trend | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Age | ||||||||
| < = 30 years | 94/559 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 12/202 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 31–40 years | 90/512 | 0.72 (0.52–1.01) | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) | 1.07 (0.75–1.54) | 18/448 | 0.66 (0.31–1.42) | 1.09 (0.42–2.78) | 1.03 (0.39–2.67) |
| 41–50 years | 193/1081 | 0.83 (0.62–1.10) | 1.40 (1.00–1.94) | 1.40 (1.00–1.96) | 29/387 | 1.45 (0.70–2.98) | 2.40 (0.91–6.37) | 2.47 (0.92–6.64) |
| > 50 years | 186/1114 | 0.88 (0.66–1.18) | 1.39 (0.98–1.98) | 1.48 (1.03–2.13) | 24/460 | 1.01 (0.47–2.15) | 1.51 (0.53–4.25) | 1.47 (0.51–4.23) |
| p-trend | 0.58 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.45 | ||
| Smoking habit | ||||||||
| Never | 364/2108 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 46/916 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Former | 126/752 | 1.00 (0.79–1.26) | 1.09 (0.85–1.38) | 1.09 (0.86–1.40) | 23/443 | 1.08 (0.47–1.83) | 1.02 (0.60–1.75) | 1.02 (0.59–1.75) |
| Current | 73/406 | 1.09 (0.81–1.45) | 1.10 (0.82–1.48) | 1.13 (0.84–1.52) | 14/138 | 2.22 (1.15–4.29) | 2.24 (1.15–4.36) | 2.27 (1.16–4.45) |
| p-trend | 0.63 | 0.43 | 0.56 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | ||
| Alcohol drinking habit | ||||||||
| Never | 450/2712 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Former | 14/52 | 0.82 (0.64–1.80) | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Current | 99/502 | 1.50 (0.76–2.95) | 1.55 (0.78–3.09) | 1.60 (0.80–3.20) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| p-trend | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.65 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Physical activity in MET units | ||||||||
| Q1 | 76/500 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 16/276 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 88/627 | 0.99 (0.76–1.28) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 13/280 | 1.20 (0.61–2.35) | 1.23 (0.63–2.42) | 1.21 (0.61–2.40) |
| Q3 | 96/572 | 1.20 (0.90–1.58) | 1.20 (0.90–1.59) | 1.18 (0.89–1.58) | 14/210 | 0.79 (0.43–1.48) | 0.77 (0.41–1.45) | 0.76 (0.40–1.45) |
| Q4 | 82/419 | 0.92 (0.70–1.20) | 0.91 (0.70–1.20) | 0.90 (0.61–1.39) | 16/345 | 0.90 (0.50–1.63) | 0.94 (0.51–1.63) | 0.95 (0.51–1.75) |
| p-trend | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.67 | 0.73 | 0.71 | ||
Model 1: Adjusted for education
Model 2: Adjusted further for family factors (marital status, family structure, number of family members and the presence of family members below 14 years old)
Model 3: Adjusted further for work factors (occupation, job hours per day, time to commute to work, shift work, working overtime or extra job)