Table 1.
Weighted characteristics of the study population based on serum uric acid quartiles
| Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | ALL (5.40 ± 1.48) | Q1 (0.8–4.3) | Q2 (4.4–5.3) | Q3 (5.4–6.3) | Q4 (6.4–15.1) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.36 ± 20.93 | 41.23 ± 18.45 | 42.47 ± 19.01 | 46.80 ± 19.36 | 47.90 ± 19.46 | < 0.0001 |
| Gender (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 48.49 | 15.15 | 38.97 | 61.43 | 77.24 | |
| Female | 51.51 | 84.85 | 61.03 | 38.57 | 22.76 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | 0.0151 | |||||
| Mexican American | 14.62 | 11.72 | 9.37 | 9.22 | 9.15 | |
| Other Hispanic | 9.12 | 7.68 | 7.23 | 6.89 | 6.25 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 34.41 | 60.39 | 61.92 | 64.54 | 60.03 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 22.28 | 11.11 | 10.66 | 9.23 | 12.49 | |
| Other races | 19.57 | 9.09 | 10.81 | 10.12 | 12.07 | |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | 0.0004 | |||||
| < 12 drinks daily | 55.1 | 61.77 | 66.20 | 64.50 | 67.96 | |
| > = 12 drinks daily | 0.96 | 0.65 | 0.78 | 1.07 | 1.71 | |
| Unknown | 43.93 | 37.58 | 33.02 | 34.43 | 30.33 | |
| Smoking behavior (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
| Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life | 35.36 | 31.27 | 36.84 | 41.41 | 41.77 | |
| Smoked less than 100 cigarettes in life | 51.89 | 56.86 | 53.67 | 50.57 | 53.20 | |
| Unknown | 12.76 | 11.87 | 9.49 | 8.02 | 5.04 | |
| Education level (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
| Less than high school | 16.39 | 9.98 | 9.57 | 9.35 | 10.73 | |
| High school | 19.78 | 20.07 | 23.77 | 27.02 | 25.04 | |
| More than high school | 46.94 | 55.17 | 53.80 | 53.03 | 56.35 | |
| Unknown | 16.89 | 14.78 | 12.86 | 10.60 | 7.89 | |
| Marital status (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
| Live with a partner | 49.32 | 56.78 | 52.46 | 55.98 | 57.93 | |
| Live alone | 33.86 | 28.44 | 34.82 | 33.50 | 34.16 | |
| Unknown | 16.82 | 14.78 | 12.72 | 10.52 | 7.91 | |
| Ratio of family income to poverty | 2.49 ± 1.50 | 2.92 ± 1.56 | 2.96 ± 1.57 | 2.99 ± 1.58 | 3.00 ± 1.58 | 0.5494 |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2104.84 ± 989.21 | 2030.98 ± 852.99 | 2132.82 ± 932.57 | 2218.70 ± 1025.26 | 2311.58 ± 1079.23 | < 0.0001 |
| Dietary carbohydrate (g/day) | 251.482 ± 124.763 | 241.356 ± 112.176 | 247.346 ± 119.203 | 257.552 ± 130.022 | 259.538 ± 135.375 | 0.00017 |
| Dietary total sugars (g/day) | 109.204 ± 76.448 | 106.527 ± 69.271 | 107.022 ± 68.857 | 111.079 ± 82.457 | 112.281 ± 84.127 | 0.10547 |
| Dietary protein (g/day) | 81.865 ± 41.721 | 76.144 ± 38.570 | 79.999 ± 40.328 | 83.847 ± 42.230 | 87.346 ± 44.668 | < 0.0001 |
| Dietary total fat (g/day) | 88.808 ± 48.124 | 83.070 ± 42.867 | 87.819 ± 45.869 | 89.997 ± 48.489 | 94.125 ± 53.912 | < 0.0001 |
| Dietary cholesterol (mg/day) | 305.893 ± 234.990 | 275.258 ± 210.860 | 304.657 ± 239.832 | 301.944 ± 221.416 | 340.119 ± 258.753 | < 0.0001 |
| Dietary fiber (g/day) | 16.477 ± 10.053 | 16.010 ± 9.437 | 16.642 ± 10.569 | 16.941 ± 10.225 | 16.264 ± 9.822 | 0.07097 |
| Minutes sedentary activity (minutes) | 377.44 ± 659.37 | 385.09 ± 658.06 | 379.14 ± 550.71 | 444.36 ± 971.51 | 376.10 ± 330.59 | 0.0168 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.04 ± 7.53 | 26.30 ± 6.26 | 28.47 ± 7.32 | 30.02 ± 7.08 | 31.97 ± 7.52 | < 0.0001 |
| Glycohemoglobin (%) | 5.77 ± 1.04 | 5.59 ± 1.07 | 5.60 ± 0.80 | 5.63 ± 0.80 | 5.72 ± 0.88 | 0.0003 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 111.95 ± 24.57 | 109.85 ± 23.51 | 109.81 ± 22.26 | 110.80 ± 18.83 | 111.36 ± 20.10 | 0.1372 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182.92 ± 41.30 | 182.27 ± 39.59 | 184.71 ± 40.85 | 184.79 ± 40.03 | 189.83 ± 42.25 | < 0.0001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 107.78 ± 68.47 | 97.85 ± 38.49 | 104.11 ± 49.36 | 108.04 ± 58.99 | 121.90 ± 96.51 | < 0.0001 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53.04 ± 15.06 | 58.72 ± 14.56 | 55.31 ± 15.13 | 50.89 ± 14.10 | 48.81 ± 14.11 | < 0.0001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 106.95 ± 24.47 | 106.05 ± 22.34 | 107.72 ± 23.53 | 107.66 ± 24.95 | 109.14 ± 25.61 | 0.0098 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 123.41 ± 18.22 | 117.80 ± 17.07 | 120.00 ± 16.00 | 123.52 ± 15.84 | 124.90 ± 16.25 | < 0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 70.18 ± 13.17 | 69.27 ± 11.58 | 69.82 ± 13.06 | 71.40 ± 12.14 | 72.57 ± 12.08 | < 0.0001 |
Mean ± SD for continuous variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model. (%) for categorical variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test