Table 4.
The association between dietary carbohydrate (g/day) and serum uric acid (mg/dL)
| Model 1 β (95% CI) P value |
Model 2 β (95% CI) P value |
Model 3 β (95% CI) P value |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary carbohydrate (g/day) | 0.001 (0.000, 0.001) 0.00009 | −0.001 (− 0.001, − 0.000) < 0.00001 | − 0.001 (− 0.002, − 0.000) 0.00040 |
| Dietary carbohydrate categories | |||
| Q1 (1.1–161.16 g/day) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (161.17–226.13 g/day) | − 0.112 (− 0.221, − 0.003) 0.04335 | −0.215 (− 0.311, − 0.119) 0.00001 | −0.175 (− 0.279, − 0.071) 0.00096 |
| Q3 (226.14–312.56 g/day) | − 0.072 (− 0.179, 0.035) 0.18429 | −0.278 (− 0.373, − 0.183) < 0.00001 | −0.273 (− 0.388, − 0.159) < 0.00001 |
| Q4 (312.57–1476.76 g/day) | 0.168 (0.061, 0.276) 0.00211 | −0.269 (− 0.367, − 0.171) < 0.00001 | − 0.296 (− 0.446, − 0.146) 0.00011 |
| Subgroup analysis stratified by gender | |||
| Male | − 0.001 (− 0.001, − 0.000) 0.00001 | − 0.001 (− 0.001, − 0.000) 0.00002 | −0.001 (− 0.002, − 0.000) 0.00393 |
| Female | −0.001 (− 0.001, − 0.000) 0.00019 | −0.001 (− 0.001, − 0.000) 0.00592 | −0.001 (− 0.002, 0.000) 0.11313 |
| Subgroup analysis stratified by race/ethnicity | |||
| Mexican American | 0.001 (0.000, 0.002) 0.01029 | −0.000 (− 0.001, 0.000) 0.28091 | 0.002 (− 0.000, 0.004) 0.05702 |
| Other Hispanic | 0.001 (0.001, 0.002) 0.00110 | −0.000 (− 0.001, 0.001) 0.80984 | 0.000 (− 0.002, 0.002) 0.75684 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 0.001 (0.000, 0.001) 0.01795 | − 0.001 (− 0.001, − 0.000) 0.00119 | −0.001 (− 0.002, − 0.000) 0.00389 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | −0.000 (− 0.001, 0.000) 0.21029 | −0.001 (− 0.002, − 0.000) 0.00153 | −0.001 (− 0.002, 0.000) 0.14506 |
| Other races | 0.001 (0.000, 0.001) 0.03012 | −0.001 (− 0.001, − 0.000) 0.02849 | −0.001 (− 0.003, − 0.000) 0.01253 |
Model 1: no covariates were adjusted. Model 2: age, gender, and race/ethnicity were adjusted. Model 3: age, gender, race/ethnicity, alcohol consumption, smoking behavior, education level, marital status, the ratio of family income to poverty, energy, minutes of sedentary activity, weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were adjusted. In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender and race/ethnicity; the model is not adjusted for gender and race/ethnicity, respectively