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. 2022 Jul 22;12:931023. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931023

Figure 2.

Figure 2

In patients with a predisposition for PAH as well as well as in patients after thoracic radiotherapy, similar mechanisms contribute to vascular remodeling turning a healthy vessel to a vessel with significant thickening of all layers of the vessel wall. This includes DNA damage, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, EndMT, senescence and oxidative stress contributing to the remodeling of the vessel.