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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: Urology. 2020 Jul 13;150:139–145. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.056

Table 2:

Categorization and examples of prevention recommendation strategies for pelvic floor disorders

Disease Prevention Strategy Recommendation Representative Quotes
Evidence-Based (n) No Evidence (n)
Pelvic Organ Prolapse  • Kegel Exercises (5)
 • Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (6)
 • Avoid oophorectomy (1)
 • Topical Estrogen (4)
 1a11
 1a11

 3 22
 410
 • Whole Woman Solution (14)
  ◦ Posture
  ◦ “Jiggling”
  ◦ “Fire-breathing”
 • Topical Honey (1)
 • Limit Exercise (8)
 • Pessary (1)
 • Regular exercise (1)
 “….but I was so complacent about pelvic floor exercises and even the physio said that’s what lead to me having so many issues.” (Level 1a)

 “Running IS bad for prolapses!” (No evidence)

 “A profound uterine prolapse does require more than just good posture. You really need to commit to lots of firebreathing and jiggling of the organs forward, with the goal of keeping them forward for longer and longer periods as you stand upright.” (No evidence)
Urinary Tract Infection  • Increased fluid intake (11)
 • Vaginal Estrogen (1)
 • Cranberry Supplement (10)
 • Vitamin C (3)
 • D-Mannose (4)
 • Self-catheterization (2)
 1b19
 1b12,23
 2b12,24

 2b25
 2b24
 513
 • Avoid Ibuprofen (1)
 • Dietary Modification (10)
  ◦ Avoid alcohol, caffeine, citrus, & sugar
  ◦ Alkalinize urine
  ◦ Low pH diet
  ◦ Zinc
 • Hygiene (7) 12
 • Timed Voiding (1)
 • Probiotics (4)
 • Cystex (1)
 “If you can get your mum to drink loads of fluids it will help. You may need to use a straw and keep topping up with fresh liquid every now and again” (Level 1)

 “Catheterizing saved my life too though. Before that, the bladder never emptied. Hence, the double back to the restroom in 10–15 minutes. That was the cause of infection back then.” (Level 5)

 “I wash every single time after pooping with some lather from an organic bar of soap with antibacterial properties.” (No evidence)
Overactive Bladder  • Kegel Exercises (2)
 • Decrease caffeine (9)
 • Decrease alcohol (2)
 • Decrease carbonated beverages (3)
 • Fluid restriction (3)
 • Timed voiding (3)
 • Bowel regimen (2)
 1b14
 1b15
 2c26
 2b27

 2b17
 2b17
 417
 • Breathing techniques (1)
 • Magnesium Supplementation (1)
 • Avoid citrus (1)
 “Avoid coffee, tea, fizzy drinks, cocoa products and avoid constipation” (Level 1)

 “Belly breath [combos] need to be employed to alleviate the frequent urination. Only reverse kegel once the PF is no longer tense.” (No evidence)
Stress Urinary Incontinence  • Kegels (4)
 • PFMT (6)
 • Vaginal weights (2)
 • Weight loss (2)
 • Low impact exercise (4)
 • Pilates (3)
 114
 114
 114
 214
 314
 414
 • Bladder training (2)
 • Diet modification (5)
  ◦ ginger tea, nutmeg
  ◦ Avoid gluten, dairy, caffeine, and refined sugar
 • Laser rejuvenation (1)
 • Elective C-Section (1)
 • Posture (1)
 • Progesterone Cream (1)
 • Control Diabetes (1)28
 “You do kegels to put you in the best position to avoid stress incontinence” (Level 1)

 “I would advise a second opinion or asking for a referral to a pelvic floor physiotherapist… I’m going again this time just to prevent any long term issues.” (Level 1)

 “Personally I would go for a c-section. The pregnancy itself is a risk factor (the urgency might get worse as your womb grows- relaxin loosens everything) but a c-section would limit the damage.” (No evidence)
Interstitial Cystitis / Bladder Pain Syndrome  • Avoid Kegels (2)
 • Pelvic floor therapy (7)
 • Dietary modification (47)
  ◦ Gluten free, celery juice, alkaline diet
  ◦ Avoid cranberry, carbonation, chocolate, acidic foods, dairy, red meat, sugar, mercury, citrus, alcohol, genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
 • Estrogen (3)
 • Hot baths / heating pads (2)
 • Ozone Gas (1)
 • Herbal supplements (9)
  ◦ Aloe Vera
  ◦ Pumpkin seed
  ◦ Oregano
  ◦ Marshmallow root
 2b18
 2b18
 418










 429
 518

 530
 518
 • Avoid Zoloft (1)
 • Cannabinoids (1)
 • D mannose (1)
 • Hydration (1)
 • Avoid UTIs (1)
 • Antiparasitic cleanse (1)
 • MSM crystals (1)
 • Collagen hydrosylate (1)
 “Kegels at pelvic PT (for prolapse and incontinence) made my symptoms SO much worse...avoid these things” (Level 1)

 “Then, a few years ago was diagnosed with IC and began removing certain things from my diet that seemed to contribute and started taking Freeze Dried Aloe Vera tablets” (Level 5)

 “I have to make myself drink plenty of water and dehydration makes me ten times as bad” (No evidence)