Table 1.

Selected differentially expressed genes common in all milk-treated conditions.

Gene name	Significance
Up-regulated
CASP1	Inflammatory response initiator that results in release of mature cytokines (Feng et al, 2004). High concentrations of casp1p20 found in sera of patients (Rodrigues et al, 2021)
HPGD	Regulates prostaglandin E2 levels (Cho et al, 2006). SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces level of HPGD (Ricke-Hoch et al, 2021)
ANXA1	Anti-inflammatory activity (Leoni et al, 2015). Serum Anxa1 levels are significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients (Canacik et al, 2021)
Down-regulated
SLC6A20	Modulates COVID-19 risk (Kasela et al, 2021)
KMT2C	Loss of KMT2C significantly reduced infection of SARS-CoV-2 and CPE in cell lines (Baggen et al, 2021; Chan et al, 2021 Preprint)
IGF1R	Entry receptor for hRSV (Griffiths et al, 2020)
ATP1A1	ATP1A1-mediated src signaling interferes with endocytic entry of coronaviruses and hRSV (Burkard et al, 2015; Lingemann et al, 2019)
IFI27L1	Elevated IF127 expression is associated with a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load (Shojaei et al, 2021 Preprint)
GAS6	GAS6 levels reflect COVID-19 severity (Morales et al, 2021)
SREBF1	SREBP1 knockdown and inhibition decreases SARS-CoV-2 viral replication (Zhang et al, 2021)