Table 1: Characteristics of individual studies included in the review^9,10,21–28.

Study, year, country	N	Index test (UCPCR cut-off in nmol/mol)	Sensitivity, %	Specificity, %	PPV, %	NPV, %
Genetic testing for MODY and exclusion of T1DM by antibody testing
Shields et al, 2017, UK27	51	>0.2	98.0	85.0	20.0	99.9
Shepherd et al, 2016, UK28	20	>0.2	99.0	N/A	N/A	N/A
Yılmaz Ağladioğlu et al, 2015, Turkey26	27	>0.2	96.3	85.7	81.3	97.9
Besser et al, 2013, UK10	39	>0.7	100.0	97.0	N/A	N/A
Besser et al, 2011, UK9	97	>0.2	97.0	96.0	N/A	N/A
Wang et al, 2019, China22	23	>0.2	87.0	92.7	83.3	94.6
Positive T1DM by antibody tests and exclusion of MODY by genetic testing
Shields et al, 2017, UK27	1,362	<0.2	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Shepherd et al, 2016, UK28	817	<0.2	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Yılmaz Ağladioğlu et al, 2015, Turkey26	42	<0.2	85.7	96.3	97.3	81.3
Oram et al, 2015, UK25	924	<0.2	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Besser et al, 2013, UK10	120	<0.7	100.0	97.0	N/A	N/A
Liu et al, 2019, China21	61	<0.2	68.9	95.8	67.7	96.0
Besser et al, 2011, UK9	69	<0.2	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
90 minutes post-mixed-meal serum C-peptide (if UCPCR <0.2 nmol/mmol) and exclusion of T1DM by antibody testing
Hope et al, 2013, UK24	188	>0.2	96.0	100.0	100.0	27.0
Hope et al, 2016, UK23	41	<0.2	83.0	93.0	90.0	N/A
WHO criteria for T2DM diagnosis and exclusion of T1DM by antibody testing
Liu et al, 2019, China21	471	>0.2	95.8	68.9	96.0	67.7
WHO diagnostic criteria for T2DM, exclusion of T1DM by antibody testing and exclusion of MODY by genetic testing
Wang et al, 2019, China22	136	>0.2	81.6	92.9	96.5	67.5

MODY = maturity-onset diabetes of the young; N/A = not available; N = number; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value; T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; UCPCR = urine C-peptide creatinine ratio; WHO = World Health Organization.