TABLE 4.
Performance of machine-learning models.
| Groups | Features | Naïve Bayes |
GLM |
Logistic Regression |
Deep Learning |
SVM |
|||||||||||||||
| Acc. | Prec. | R | F1 | Acc. | Prec. | R | F1 | Acc. | Prec. | R | F1 | Acc. | Prec. | R | F1 | Acc. | Prec. | R | F1 | ||
| Anxiety | Aw. | 61.3 | 64.5 | 86.3 | 73.8 | 61.5 | 64.5 | 86.7 | 74.0 | 61.5 | 64.5 | 86.7 | 74.0 | 61.5 | 64.1 | 89.0 | 74.4 | 62.7 | 63.2 | 98.0 | 76.9 |
| Pron | 75.2 | 83.4 | 76.0 | 79.4 | 75.8 | 83.7 | 76.7 | 80.0 | 76.0 | 83.8 | 77.0 | 80.2 | 76.0 | 85.6 | 74.7 | 79.7 | 76.2 | 85.9 | 74.7 | 79.8 | |
| Senti. | 77.1 | 78.3 | 88.3 | 83.0 | 78.1 | 75.8 | 96.0 | 84.7 | 78.1 | 75.8 | 96.0 | 84.7 | 78.5 | 76.5 | 95.3 | 84.9 | 67.2 | 65.8 | 100 | 79.4 | |
| Aw. + Pron | 76.8 | 77.2 | 90.3 | 83.1 | 74.9 | 77.3 | 85.7 | 81.2 | 75.2 | 77.4 | 86.0 | 81.4 | 76.6 | 79.3 | 85.3 | 82.2 | 76.8 | 79.0 | 86.3 | 82.5 | |
| Senti. +Aw. | 75.6 | 74.6 | 93.3 | 82.9 | 79.4 | 85.3 | 81.7 | 83.3 | 80.2 | 86.4 | 81.7 | 83.3 | 83.8 | 85.4 | 89.7 | 87.5 | 82.7 | 80.4 | 96.3 | 87.6 | |
| Senti + Pron | 81.5 | 88.0 | 82.0 | 84.8 | 79.2 | 92.2 | 73.3 | 81.6 | 79.4 | 92.2 | 73.7 | 81.8 | 85.3 | 93.3 | 82.7 | 87.6 | 85.9 | 94.3 | 82.7 | 88.1 | |
| Senti + Aw. + Pron | 82.5 | 82.3 | 92.3 | 87.0 | 83.6 | 83.5 | 92.3 | 87.7 | 83.6 | 83.3 | 92.7 | 87.7 | 86.3 | 85.3 | 94.0 | 89.7 | 80.6 | 77.4 | 98.0 | 86.5 | |
| Depression | Aw. | 65.4 | 65.4 | 100 | 79.1 | 65.8 | 65.9 | 98.7 | 79.0 | 65.8 | 65.9 | 98.7 | 79.0 | 65.4 | 65.4 | 100 | 79.1 | 65.5 | 65.9 | 100 | 79.2 |
| Pron | 70.8 | 75.4 | 82.3 | 78.7 | 73.8 | 83.4 | 75.0 | 79.0 | 73.8 | 83.4 | 75.0 | 79.0 | 74.2 | 85.0 | 73.7 | 78.9 | 74.7 | 81.6 | 79.3 | 80.4 | |
| Senti. | 71.4 | 78.5 | 78.0 | 78.1 | 73.4 | 74.8 | 89.7 | 81.5 | 73.2 | 74.8 | 89.3 | 81.4 | 76.7 | 76.4 | 93.3 | 84.0 | 72.7 | 71.8 | 96.3 | 82.2 | |
| Aw. + Pron | 72.3 | 72.8 | 92.0 | 81.3 | 74.0 | 75.8 | 88.7 | 81.7 | 74.0 | 75.8 | 88.7 | 81.7 | 75.2 | 78.4 | 85.7 | 81.8 | 74.9 | 76.3 | 89.7 | 82.4 | |
| Senti. +Aw. | 73.2 | 74.2 | 90.7 | 81.6 | 75.5 | 83.4 | 78.3 | 80.7 | 75.3 | 83.4 | 78.0 | 80.5 | 77.6 | 80.7 | 86.7 | 83.5 | 74.5 | 73.4 | 96.0 | 83.1 | |
| Senti + Pron | 80.4 | 84.1 | 86.7 | 85.3 | 79.7 | 92.8 | 75.0 | 82.8 | 79.7 | 92.1 | 75.7 | 83.0 | 83.0 | 94.8 | 78.3 | 85.7 | 83.5 | 86.7 | 88.3 | 87.4 | |
| Senti + Aw. + Pron | 78.9 | 77.7 | 95.0 | 85.5 | 78.9 | 79.8 | 91.0 | 85.0 | 78.9 | 79.8 | 91.0 | 85.0 | 77.8 | 76.1 | 96.3 | 85.0 | 74.5 | 72.4 | 98.7 | 83.5 | |
| Suicide | Aw. | 73.7 | 75.5 | 95.3 | 84.2 | 73.7 | 75.5 | 95.3 | 84.2 | 73.7 | 75.5 | 95.3 | 84.2 | 74.4 | 76.4 | 94.7 | 84.5 | 73.9 | 73.9 | 100 | 85.0 |
| Pron | 73.9 | 73.9 | 100 | 85.0 | 82.6 | 87.9 | 88.7 | 88.3 | 82.6 | 87.9 | 88.7 | 88.3 | 80.8 | 83.9 | 91.7 | 87.6 | 82.3 | 88.1 | 88.0 | 88.0 | |
| Senti. | 80.5 | 87.0 | 87.0 | 86.8 | 79.3 | 82.0 | 92.3 | 86.8 | 79.6 | 82.0 | 92.6 | 87.0 | 82.1 | 81.1 | 98.0 | 88.7 | 81.6 | 81.1 | 98.0 | 88.7 | |
| Aw. + Pron | 77.4 | 77.1 | 98.7 | 86.6 | 79.6 | 80.5 | 95.7 | 87.4 | 79.6 | 80.5 | 95.7 | 87.4 | 79.6 | 79.4 | 97.7 | 87.6 | 81.1 | 81.3 | 96.7 | 88.3 | |
| Senti. +Aw. | 75.2 | 76.3 | 96.3 | 85.1 | 82.5 | 85.2 | 92.3 | 88.6 | 82.8 | 85.5 | 92.3 | 88.8 | 85.0 | 87.5 | 93.0 | 90.1 | 86.0 | 88.6 | 94.7 | 90.9 | |
| Senti + Pron | 85.8 | 88.6 | 92.7 | 90.6 | 80.6 | 92.1 | 80.7 | 86.0 | 80.8 | 92.8 | 80.3 | 86.1 | 88.2 | 94.8 | 89.0 | 91.8 | 87.9 | 94.1 | 89.3 | 91.6 | |
| Senti + Aw. + Pron | 86.5 | 86.6 | 96.7 | 91.3 | 84.7 | 84.6 | 97.0 | 90.4 | 84.3 | 84.3 | 96.7 | 90.1 | 86.2 | 85.1 | 98.7 | 91.4 | 84.7 | 83.8 | 98.3 | 90.5 | |
Acc., accuracy; Prec., precision; R, recall; GLM, Generalized Linear Model; SVM, Support Vector Machine; Senti., Emotion + Sentiment value; Aw., absolutist word; Pron., first-person pronouns. Best results for detection are in bold.