TABLE 3.
Comorbidities and concomitant therapies.
| AKI (n = 2,589) | Non-AKI (n = 15,559) | Total (n = 18,148) | χ 2 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Hypertension | 1,302 (50.29%) | 6,904 (44.37%) | 8,206 (45.44%) | 31.37 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 728 (28.12%) | 3,831 (24.62%) | 4,559 (25.12%) | 14.43 | <0.001 |
| Cerebral apoplexy | 1,087 (41.99%) | 4,434 (28.50%) | 5,521 (30.42%) | 190.76 | <0.001 |
| Anemia | 481 (18.58%) | 1781 (11.45%) | 2,262 (12.46%) | 103.48 | <0.001 |
| Coronary disease | 988 (38.16%) | 5,360 (34.45%) | 6,384 (35.18%) | 13.45 | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 1,074 (41.48%) | 3,428 (22.03%) | 4,502 (24.80%) | 450.21 | <0.001 |
| Shock | 437 (16.88%) | 465 (2.99%) | 902 (4.97%) | 906.74 | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | 86 (3.32%) | 97 (0.62%) | 183 (1.01%) | 161.90 | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 377 (14.56%) | 1,147 (7.37%) | 1,524 (8.40%) | 149.16 | <0.001 |
| Skin tissue infection | 26 (1.00%) | 85 (0.55%) | 111 (0.61%) | 7.66 | 0.006 |
| Neoplastic disease | 507 (19.58%) | 4,015 (25.81%) | 4,522 (24.92%) | 45.93 | <0.001 |
| Gout | 20 (0.77%) | 98 (0.63%) | 118 (0.65%) | 0.70 | 0.40 |
| Chronic kidney insufficiency | 156 (6.03%) | 724 (4.65%) | 880 (4.85%) | 9.06 | 0.003 |
| Pancreatitis | 48 (1.85%) | 247 (1.59%) | 295 (1.63%) | 0.99 | 0.32 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 7 (0.27%) | 22 (0.14%) | 29 (0.16%) | 2.31 | 0.13 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 88 (3.40%) | 355 (2.28%) | 443 (2.44%) | 11.64 | <0.001 |
| Hypokalemia | 154 (5.95%) | 702 (4.51%) | 856 (4.72%) | 10.19 | <0.001 |
| Hyponatremia | 105 (4.06%) | 465 (2.99%) | 570 (3.14%) | 8.31 | <0.001 |
| Liver injury | 25 (0.97%) | 45 (0.29%) | 70 (0.38%) | 26.43 | <0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 257 (9.93%) | 1,608 (10.33%) | 1865 (10.28%) | 0.40 | 0.53 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 63 (2.43%) | 446 (2.29%) | 509 (2.80%) | 1.53 | 0.22 |
| Acidosis | 133 (5.14%) | 185 (1.19%) | 318 (1.75%) | 200.97 | <0.001 |
| Combination therapy | |||||
| NASID | 901 (34.80%) | 5,109 (32.84%) | 6,010 (33.12%) | 3.87 | 0.04 |
| ARB | 480 (18.54%) | 2,631 (16.91%) | 3,111 (17.14%) | 4.15 | 0.04 |
| ACEI | 180 (6.95%) | 1,304 (8.38%) | 1,484 (8.18%) | 6.03 | 0.01 |
| PPI | 419 (16.18%) | 3,989 (25.64%) | 4,408 (24.29%) | 107.88 | <0.001 |
| Aminoglycoside | 357 (13.79%) | 2064 (13.27%) | 2,421 (13.34%) | 0.53 | 0.47 |
| β-lactam drugs | 603 (23.29%) | 6,877 (44.20%) | 7,480 (41.22%) | 400.51 | <0.001 |