Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants who kept free of CKD and during follow-up.
| Keep free of CKD events | Develop CKD events | |
|---|---|---|
| No. of Participants | 457,223 | 13,555 |
| Male (%) | 53.91 | 50.87 |
| Age (years) | 57 (8) | 62 (6) |
| Ethnic background | ||
| White (%) | 94.57 | 94.04 |
| Mixed (%) | 0.60 | 0.44 |
| Asian (%) | 1.96 | 2.33 |
| Black (%) | 1.63 | 2.32 |
| Chinese (%) | 0.33 | 0.18 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 8.05 | 28.85 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 27.74 | 69.92 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.29 (4.73) | 29.39 (5.38) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.52 (18.44) | 144.01 (19.88) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82.25 (10.05) | 83.06 (10.49) |
| Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | 100.67 (11.86) | 103.38 (12.26) |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.10 (1.18) | 5.62 (2.13) |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.43 (2.75) | 5.44 (3.17) |
| Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 85.63 (14.97) | 76.24 (14.48) |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.28 (1.22) | 5.86 (1.39) |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 305.11 (78.21) | 335.34 (82.02) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.71 (1.13) | 5.44 (1.26) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.73 (1.02) | 1.98 (1.12) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.46 (0.38) | 1.35 (0.37) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.57 (0.86) | 3.39 (0.94) |
| Current Smoking (%) | 10.74 | 11.60 |
| Current Alcohol Consumption (%) | 92.22 | 87.78 |
Data are represented as median (interquartile range). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated with the use of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.