Table 2.
The incidence rate of gastrointestinal bleeding in reported clinical trials of systemic chemotherapy for advanced HCC.
| Trial | Line | Regimen | Gastrointestinal bleeding* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any grade | Grade ≥ 3 | |||
| SHARP (21) | First | Sorafenib (MTA) | NA | 4% |
| Asia-Pacific trials of sorafenib (22) | First | Sorafenib (MTA) | 2.7% (4/149) | NA |
| REFLECT (23) | First | Lenvatinib (MTA) | < 15% | < 15% |
| CheckMate 459 (24) | First | Nivolumab (ICI) | 0% | 0% |
| KEYNOTE 240 (25) | First | Pembrolizumab (ICI) | < 10% | 1.1% (3/279) |
| IMbrave 150 (7) | First | Atezolizumab (ICI) plus bevacizumab (MTA) | 7.6% (26/336) | 2.9% (10/336) |
| RESORCE (26) | Second | Regorafenib (MTA) | NA | 6% (21/374) |
| REACH-2 (27) | Second | Ramucirumab (MTA) | 0% | 0.5% (1/197) |
| CELESTIAL (28) | Second | Cabozantinib (MTA) | NA | 0.2% (1/470) |
*Gastrointestinal bleeding includes esophageal varices hemorrhage and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
MTA, molecular targeted agent; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; NA, not available.