Table 2:

Pore generation methods comparison.

Method	Advantages	Disadvantages
Gas foaming	No use of chemical solvents, Room temperature	Limited control over pore size and pore interconnectivity, High pressure during the foaming step is not compatible for cell-laden scaffolds, The foaming step might denature temperature sensitive materials
Particulate leaching	Simple and low-cost facilities, Room temperature, Atmospheric pressure	Limited control over pore shape and pore interconnectivity, The use of organic solvents is not compatible for cell-laden scaffolds, Limited control over structure thickness and mechanical properties
Emulsification freeze-drying	No use of solid porogens	Small pore size and often irregular porosity, The use of organic solvents is not compatible for cell-laden scaffolds, Time-consuming