Table 3:
A review of recent studies with hybrid methods for 3D scaffold fabrication.
| Pore Generation Methods | Bottom-Up Approaches | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compatibility of (bio)manufacturing methods â– Identical â– Hybrid [reference] |
Gas foaming | Particulate leaching | Emulsification Freeze drying | Microfluidic fiber formation (MFF) | 3D printing | 3D bioprinting | |
| Pore Generation Methods | Gas foaming | [244] | [247] | ||||
| Particulate leaching | [257] | ||||||
| Emulsification Freeze drying | [185][248] | ||||||
| Top-Down Approaches | Solvent casting | [244] | [49][69] | [63][244] | [252] | ||
| TIPS | [82] | ||||||
| Sol-gel | [249] | [250] | [259] | ||||
| Microsphere sintering | [245] | ||||||
| Electrospinning | [123] | [251] | |||||