Table 3.

The effect of youth violent victimization on the rate of sexual debut (Cox regression models, N = 10,570)

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	HR	SE	HR	SE	HR	SE
Youth violent victimization	1.253***	0.051	1.225***	0.051	1.025	0.046
Agea	1.039***	0.009	1.040***	0.010	1.033***	0.010
Female	1.101**	0.031	1.096**	0.032	1.123***	0.033
Race/ethnicityb
Black	1.000	0.046	1.031	0.048	1.076	0.049
Hispanic	0.987	0.045	0.986	0.046	0.951	0.044
Asian	0.799***	0.051	0.816**	0.051	0.800**	0.051
Other race	1.067	0.101	1.087	0.102	0.999	0.098
Immigrant	0.899†	0.052	0.914	0.053	0.950	0.056
Family SES	0.980***	0.005	0.979***	0.005	0.974***	0.005
Family structurec
Single parent	1.257***	0.052	1.266***	0.052	1.251***	0.050
Stepparent	1.196***	0.040	1.204***	0.040	1.184***	0.040
Other arrangement	0.935	0.100	0.967	0.103	0.951	0.101
Parental supervision
Parental autonomy	1.059***	0.010	1.054***	0.010	1.049***	0.011
Disposition
Relative pubertal development			1.061***	0.014	1.040**	0.013
Marital expectations			1.047**	0.015	1.039**	0.014
Depression			1.003	0.002	0.997	0.003
Self-esteem			0.996	0.005	0.997	0.005
Low self-control			1.006	0.005	0.995	0.005
Attachment styled
Anxious attachment			0.893†	0.053	0.916	0.056
Avoidant attachment			0.890**	0.039	0.930†	0.039
Deviant behavior
Lie to parents					1.103***	0.020
Violent perpetration					1.098***	0.019
Non-violent delinquency					1.005	0.007
Alcohol use frequency					1.138***	0.017
Childhood abuse
Physical abuse	1.016	0.034	1.010	0.034	0.975	0.033
Sexual abuse	1.181*	0.077	1.153*	0.075	1.116	0.076
N of events	8927
Observations	10,570

National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994–2008. Estimates are multiply imputed and weighted; all models also include controls for urban, region of residence, and number of interviews

HR hazard ratio = exp(b), SE standard error, SES socioeconomic status

^†p < 0.10,

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001 (two-tailed tests)

^aCentered at age 15

^bNon-Hispanic White is the reference

^cTwo biological parents is the reference

^dSecure attachment is the reference