Fig. 4.

Four-chamber catheterization of the patient demonstrating equalization of pressure within atriums and ventricles. (Panel-A) Systolic, diastolic, and end-diastolic pressures were 130/9/25 mm Hg in LV, and 42/14/25 mm Hg in RV, respectively; revealing similar pressure curves in ventricles in diastole, discernible with “dip-and-plateau” or “square root” pattern. (Panel-B) Elevation and equalization of RA pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) with means of 25 mm Hg and 29 mm Hg, respectively. The RA curve depicts the “M” or “W” outline. (Panel-C) Pulmonary artery pressure measurement indicates mild pulmonary artery hypertension (an average of 27 mm Hg).