Table 3.
Body composition, performance, and hematological and biochemical markers at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention.
| PB (n = 20) | WP (n = 20) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post 4 weeks | Post 8 weeks | Baseline | Post 4 weeks | Post 8 weeks | |
| Body composition | ||||||
| Body mass (kg) | 70.8 ± 9.2 | 70.5 ± 9.3 | 69.9 ± 9.0 | 71.6 ± 10.2 | 70.6 ± 7.7 | 69.7 ± 7.7 |
| TBW (L) | 43.1 ± 4 4 | 43.0 ± 4.3 | 42.9 ± 4.4 | 43.7 ± 4.3 | 43.1 ± 3.7 | 42.8 ± 4.0 |
| Muscle thickness rectus femoris (mm) | 26.7 ± 3 6 | 27.2 ± 2.7 | 28.0 ± 3.2 | 26.4 ± 3.4 | 27.0 ± 2.9 | 27.9 ± 2.7 |
| Bone mineral content (kg) | 2.93 ± 0.39 | 2.96 ± 0.38 | 2.97 ± 0.43 | 3.06 ± 0.45 | 3.06 ± 0.46 | 3.07 ± 0.42 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 57.7 ± 5.8 | 57.9 ± 5.4 | 58.5 ± 6.3 | 58.0 ± 5.9 | 58.2 ± 5.3 | 58.9 ± 5.5 |
| Lean soft tissue (kg) | 54.6 ± 5.5 | 55.0 ± 5.1 | 55.3 ± 5.9 | 54.8 ± 5.5 | 55.1 ± 4.97 | 55.7 ± 5.1 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 13.1 ± 5.0 | 12.1 ± 5.0 | 11.4 ± 4.1# | 13.6 ± 5.4 | 11.5 ± 3.5 | 10.9 ± 3.2# |
| Fat mass (%) | 18.1 ± 4.9 | 17.6 ± 4.8 | 16.1 ± 4.2 | 18.5 ± 4.8 | 17.7 ± 3.7 | 15.4 ± 3.2 |
| Visceral fat area (cm) | 61.9 ± 21.5 | 59.6 ± 20.0 | 57.1 ± 21.3 | 57.1 ± 18.3 | 53.1 ± 11.9 | 51.2 ± 10.4 |
| Muscle strength | ||||||
| Handgrip dominant hand (N) | 471.2 ± 91.2 | 483.4 ± 93.8 | 486.4 ± 89.3 | 461.3 ± 75.9 | 470.5 ± 74.0 | 475.4 ± 73.7 |
| Back squat 1 RM (kg) | 76.6 ± 14.3 | 78.4 ± 13.8 | 85.5 ± 15.6 | 80.2 ± 14.7 | 81.0 ± 13.8 | 85.9 ± 13.1 |
| Bench press 1 RM (kg) | 54.6 ± 13.0 | 55.3 ± 16.2 | 56.9 ± 9.1 | 56.8 ± 8.6 | 57.4 ± 9.4 | 59.1 ± 9.7 |
| Counter movement jump (cm) | 33.5 ± 4.2 | 34.7 ± 4.5 | 38.0 ± 4.7 | 33.5 ± 3.9 | 36.9 ± 4.0 | 38.7 ± 3.4 |
| Anaerobic and aerobic performance | ||||||
| Anaerobic peak power (W/kg) | 12.9 ± 4.50 | – | 11.4 ± 3.2 | 12.4± 4.8 | – | 11.5 ± 4.2 |
| Anaerobic average power (W/kg) | 8.5 ± 1.0 | – | 8.4 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 0.9 | – | 8.1 ± 0.9 |
| Anaerobic power drop (%) | 62.7 ± 15.4 | – | 58.5 ± 11.1 | 64.0 ± 16.9 | – | 62.8 ± 14.0 |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 49.7 ± 7.1 | – | 50.6 ± 7.6 | 51.2 ± 7.0 | – | 51.1 ± 3.3 |
| VO2max (mL/min) | 3,545.8 ± 436.8 | – | 3,544.8 ± 380.9 | 3,719.1 ± 410.8 | – | 3,582.7 ± 294.8 |
| MAS (km/h) | 16.0 ± 1.6 | – | 16.3 ± 1.9 | 15.0 ±1.9 | – | 16.2 ± 1.2 |
| Hematological and biochemical markers | ||||||
| C Reactive protein (mg/L) | 10.0 ± 5.0 | – | 9.4 ± 1.2 | 8.9 ± 2.2 | – | 8.3 ± 0.7 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 44.2 ± 3.3 | – | 43.6 ± 2.6 | 44.4 ± 2.4 | – | 44.3 ± 2.4 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 254.4 ± 126.3 | – | 201.0 ± 68.9 | 272.5 ± 114.1 | – | 195.5 ± 55.6 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 22.8 ± 15.4 | – | 19.0 ± 6.1 | 21.0 ± 9.6 | – | 20.2 ± 6.9 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 25.3 ± 16.9 | – | 20.5 ± 6.9 | 19.3 ± 7.4 | – | 19.7 ± 5.9 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 77.8 ± 13.1 | – | 70.1 ± 11.6 | 76.6 ± 13.6 | – | 67.6 ± 12.4 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | – | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | – | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | 82.1 ± 17.3 | – | 80.8 ± 12.6 | 83.4 ± 20.2 | – | 79.6 ± 20.1 |
| Salivary cortisol (μg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.6 | – | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | – | 0.7 ± 0.5 |
PB, plant-based protein; WP, whey protein; TBW, Total body water; MAS, maximal aerobic speed.
#
Time effect from baseline (ANCOVA).
Results are presented as mean ± SD.