Fig. 6.

The Effect of the First Local COVID-19 Diagnosis on Racial Animus by the Negative Economic Impact of COVID-19. Note: The figure presents the heterogeneous effects of the first local COVID-19 diagnosis on the racially charged Google search index and Twitter post index by the negative economic impact of the pandemic. Panels A and B partition the regression sample by whether the proportion of an area’s annual average employment in “leisure and hospitality” and “education and health services” is above or below the sample median (i.e., 32% in the Google sample and 35% in the Twitter sample). Panels C and D partition the regression sample by whether the percent change in net revenue among local small businesses between January and March is above or below the sample median (i.e., $-$39% in the Google sample and $-$37% in the Twitter sample). Panels A and C (B and D) plot the estimates and 95% confidence intervals of the coefficients on the event dummies in Eq. (3) using the racially charged Google search index (Twitter post index) as the outcome. Specifications in panels A and C mirror those in column (1) of Table 2, and specifications in panels B and D mirror those in column (1) of Table 3.