Table 1.
ASMR, ASDR, and AAPC in type 2 diabetes attributed to tobacco from 1990 to 2019 by regions.
| Location | ASMR per 100,000 (95% UI) | ASDR per 100,000 (95% UI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | AAPC (95% CI) | 1990 | 2019 | AAPC (95% CI)1990-2019 | |
| Global | 3.10 (2.25 to 3.83) | 2.91 (2.01 to 3.70) | -0.24* (-0.30 to -0.18) | 132.69 (93.52 to 172.97) | 142.00 (94.81 to 191.85) | 0.19* (0.11 to 0.27) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 3.96 (3.20 to 4.74) | 3.82 (2.98 to 4.62) | -0.14* (-0.20 to -0.07) | 167.52 (129.34 to 209.19) | 183.13 (135.76 to 236.02) | 0.25* (0.16 to 0.34) |
| Female | 2.45 (1.47 to 3.29) | 2.14 (1.12 to 3.03) | -0.48* (-0.55 to -0.42) | 102.44 (58.55 to 143.68) | 104.47 (54.42 to 153.68) | 0.03 (-0.09 to 0.15) |
| SDI regions | ||||||
| Low | 3.72 (2.42 to 4.91) | 3.66 (2.36 to 4.90) | -0.07* (-0.15 to 0.00) | 123.83 (81.45 to 164.99) | 135.63 (85.21 to 184.83) | 0.27* (0.21 to 0.34) |
| Low-middle | 4.28 (2.93 to 5.53) | 4.47 (2.96 to 5.86) | 0.19 (-0.04 to 0.42) | 150.82 (103.56 to 197.01) | 173.32 (110.43 to 237.06) | 0.42* (0.30 to 0.54) |
| Middle | 3.98 (2.70 to 5.05) | 3.97 (2.64 to 5.11) | 0.04 (-0.06 to 0.14) | 156.36 (105.05 to 206.67) | 168.40 (111.25 to 226.88) | 0.22* (0.11 to 0.33) |
| High-middle | 2.67 (1.93 to 3.27) | 2.15 (1.50 to 2.72) | -0.74* (-0.83 to -0.66) | 123.55 (86.86 to 163.25) | 124.06 (84.42 to 169.33) | -0.07 (-0.22 to 0.08) |
| High | 2.18 (1.72 to 2.65) | 1.31 (1.02 to 1.62) | -1.81* (-1.94 to -1.68) | 112.62 (83.24 to 145.62) | 105.13 (73.18 to 142.87) | -0.22* (-0.34 to -0.10) |
| GBD regions | ||||||
| Andean Latin America | 2.11 (1.36 to 2.83) | 1.96 (1.19 to 2.77) | -0.17 (-0.45 to 0.12) | 77.89 (50.89 to 105.84) | 80.1 (49.93 to 112.93) | 0.08 (-0.04 to 0.20) |
| Australasia | 1.71 (1.34 to 2.08) | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.09) | -2.47* (-2.98 to -1.96) | 71.42 (53.33 to 92.12) | 58.55 (39.05 to 81.77) | -0.66* (-0.76 to -0.57) |
| Caribbean | 5.67 (4.00 to 7.18) | 4.07 (2.79 to 5.56) | -1.22* (-1.52 to -0.91) | 230.82 (161.40 to 303.76) | 201.24 (135.24 to 274.59) | -0.45* (-0.65 to -0.24) |
| Central Asia | 1.66 (1.12 to 2.10) | 3.85 (2.67 to 4.97) | 2.96* (2.61 to 3.32) | 90.05 (59.50 to 122.23) | 179.57 (120.4 to 241.27) | 2.44* (2.19 to 2.70) |
| Central Europe | 2.57 (1.97 to 3.11) | 2.21 (1.60 to 2.86) | -0.54* (-0.69 to -0.39) | 147.20 (106.17 to 193.7) | 163.66 (112.37 to 225.12) | 0.32* (0.25 to 0.40) |
| Central Latin America | 8.06 (5.49 to 10.22) | 5.34 (3.39 to 7.26) | -1.42* (-1.72 to -1.12) | 306.36 (207.39 to 402.06) | 225.79 (141.05 to 315.8) | -1.03* (-1.25 to -0.81) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 3.89 (2.59 to 5.19) | 3.03 (1.96 to 4.25) | -0.90* (-1.00 to -0.80) | 128.07 (88.24 to 171.39) | 117.00 (76.36 to 162.99) | -0.32* (-0.39 to -0.24) |
| East Asia | 2.12 (1.44 to 2.74) | 2.06 (1.46 to 2.67) | -0.03 (-0.35 to 0.28) | 112.39 (76.35 to 151.87) | 115.87 (79.07 to 158.04) | -0.11 (-0.62 to 0.40) |
| Eastern Europe | 0.68 (0.46 to 0.87) | 0.94 (0.66 to 1.21) | 1.61* (0.67 to 2.55) | 55.67 (37.66 to 77.51) | 75.04 (51.75 to 103.78) | 1.11* (0.51 to 1.72) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 4.34 (2.95 to 5.68) | 3.43 (2.33 to 4.69) | -0.84* (-0.91 to -0.77) | 126.44 (85.23 to 167.16) | 108.83 (72.58 to 148.09) | -0.54* (-0.59 to -0.49) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 1.62 (1.27 to 1.94) | 0.65 (0.51 to 0.80) | -3.17* (-3.44 to -2.90) | 94.86 (69.93 to 123.77) | 70.99 (48.23 to 99.14) | -1.10* (-1.28 to -0.91) |
| High-income North America | 2.67 (2.06 to 3.32) | 1.80 (1.40 to 2.24) | -1.41* (-1.61 to -1.21) | 145.15 (105.76 to 190.91) | 130.13 (92.51 to 173.29) | -0.48* (-0.68 to -0.27) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 5.06 (3.37 to 6.58) | 4.37 (2.93 to 5.72) | -0.52* (-0.64 to -0.40) | 176.65 (119.64 to 232.91) | 203.48 (132.64 to 278.18) | 0.53* (0.43 to 0.63) |
| Oceania | 19.85 (13.09 to 27.34) | 24.86 (15.94 to 34.86) | 0.72* (0.61 to 0.83) | 629.55 (424.26 to 839.13) | 823.21 (545.77 to 1124.19) | 0.88* (0.79 to 0.97) |
| South Asia | 4.06 (2.58 to 5.47) | 4.24 (2.60 to 5.73) | 0.16 (-0.29 to 0.61) | 139.01 (91.33 to 186.89) | 164.77 (99.68 to 229.89) | 0.50* (0.34 to 0.66) |
| Southeast Asia | 7.13 (4.89 to 9.13) | 7.49 (4.96 to 9.67) | 0.15* (0.04 to 0.26) | 229.12 (158.33 to 294.82) | 263.72 (177.49 to 346.34) | 0.47* (0.34 to 0.59) |
| Southern Latin America | 4.10 (2.89 to 5.14) | 3.07 (2.09 to 3.93) | -1.02* (-1.18 to -0.86) | 144.12 (102.76 to 186.19) | 148.36 (101.28 to 202.52) | 0.11* (0.01 to 0.20) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 9.04 (6.35 to 11.65) | 9.72 (6.16 to 13.03) | 0.39 (-0.18 to 0.96) | 276.14 (194.84 to 352.02) | 290.68 (186.92 to 386.16) | 0.29 (-0.15 to 0.74) |
| Tropical Latin America | 7.15 (5.32 to 8.75) | 3.85 (2.64 to 5.05) | -2.15* (-2.30 to -2.00) | 270.15 (200.07 to 341.72) | 156.24 (105.88 to 210.38) | -1.94* (-2.19 to -1.68) |
| Western Europe | 2.20 (1.73 to 2.67) | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.36) | -2.42* (-2.50 to -2.33) | 101.04 (74.35 to 131.73) | 95.45 (64.31 to 133.5) | -0.22* (-0.26 to -0.17) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.62 (1.53 to 3.69) | 2.81 (1.66 to 3.88) | 0.27* (0.19 to 0.34) | 78.52 (46.56 to 109.44) | 88.58 (53.35 to 125.72) | 0.43* (0.37 to 0.48) |
ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; ASDR, age-standardized DALY rate; SDI, socio-demographic index; AAPC, the average annual percentage change; UI, uncertainty interval; CI, confidence interval.
* means that AAPCs (95% CIs) with "*" represent significance at P < 0.05.