Table 7.
Pharmacological function of quercetin on atherosclerosis.
In vitro and in vivo model | Quercetin Dose | Mechanism | Effect factors | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
male ApoE KO mice | 100 mg/kg 16 w |
Inhibits Gal-3-NLRP3 signaling pathway | NLRP3↓ | (168) |
85 patients with CAD | 120 mg 2 m |
Reduce the transcriptional activity of NF-kB in stable coronary artery disease | TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and IkBα↓ | (166) |
male ApoE KO mice | 25, 50, 100 mg/kg 24 w |
Ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions formation | ROS, MDA, NOX4↓ GSH and NADPH↑ |
(162) |
apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and C57BL/6J (C57) mice |
20 mg/kg/d 8 w 0.3, 1, or 3 mmol/L 48 h |
Attenuates AS by increasing the density of SIRT1 |
sIcam-1, IL-6, Vcam-1, and ROS ↓ SIRT1 ↑ |
(161) |
high fat diet−induced atherosclerosis in the carotid artery of rats | 30 mg/kg/day 2 w |
Inhibits inflammatory/oxidative stress responses in AS via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway | NF-κB, IL−1β, MDA ↓ IL−10, AMPK, SIRT1↑ SOD, CAT, GPX ↑ |
(160) |
endothelial cells | 2.5, 5, 10 μM 24 h |
Protects against oxLDL-induced endothelial oxidative damage by activating SIRT1 |
NOX2, NOX4, ROS, NADPH, and ox-LDL ↓ SIRT1, AKT, AMPK ↑ |
(159) |
LDL receptor knockout (−/−) mice | 100 μg 30 d |
Alleviates oxidative stress via diverse pathways, including NF-κB and JAK3 | TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-17α↓ STAT3, SOCS1, PON1 and SRB1↑ |
(158) |
RAW264.7 Macrophage Foam Cells | 25, 50 μmol/L 24 h |
Regulates MST1-Mediated Autophagy | P53, P21, and P16↓ MST1, LC3-II/I, Beclin1, Bcl-2↑ |
(157) |
male C57BL/6 mice vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) |
50, 100 mg/kg 7 w |
Suppress inflammation and apoptosis via ROS-regulated PI3K/AKT | ROS, Caspase-3 and NF-κB ↓ PI3K/AKT- Bcl-2↑ | (165) |
h, hours; d, days; w, weeks; m, months; LC3-II/I, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II/I; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; SOCS1, suppressor of cytokine signaling1; PON1, paraoxonase 1; SRB1, class B scavenger receptor type 1; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NOX, NADPH-oxidase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor protein 3; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; MPO, myeloperoxidase; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2; 5-LOX, 5-lipoxygenase; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; CRP, C-reactive protein; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ↓, downregulation; ↑, upregulation.