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. 2022 Jul 22;13:943321. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943321

Table 7.

Pharmacological function of quercetin on atherosclerosis.

In vitro and in vivo model Quercetin Dose Mechanism Effect factors References
male ApoE KO mice 100 mg/kg
16 w
Inhibits Gal-3-NLRP3 signaling pathway NLRP3↓ (168)
85 patients with CAD 120 mg
2 m
Reduce the transcriptional activity of NF-kB in stable coronary artery disease TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and IkBα↓ (166)
male ApoE KO mice 25, 50, 100 mg/kg
24 w
Ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions formation ROS, MDA, NOX4↓
GSH and NADPH↑
(162)
apolipoprotein
E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and C57BL/6J (C57) mice
20 mg/kg/d
8 w
0.3, 1, or 3 mmol/L
48 h
Attenuates AS
by increasing the density of SIRT1
sIcam-1, IL-6, Vcam-1, and ROS ↓
SIRT1 ↑
(161)
high fat diet−induced atherosclerosis in the carotid artery of rats 30 mg/kg/day
2 w
Inhibits inflammatory/oxidative stress responses in AS via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway NF-κB, IL−1β, MDA ↓
IL−10, AMPK, SIRT1↑
SOD, CAT, GPX ↑
(160)
endothelial cells 2.5, 5, 10 μM
24 h
Protects against oxLDL-induced endothelial oxidative damage by activating
SIRT1
NOX2, NOX4, ROS, NADPH, and ox-LDL ↓
SIRT1, AKT, AMPK ↑
(159)
LDL receptor knockout (−/−) mice 100 μg
30 d
Alleviates oxidative stress via diverse pathways, including NF-κB and JAK3 TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-17α↓
STAT3, SOCS1, PON1 and SRB1↑
(158)
RAW264.7 Macrophage Foam Cells 25, 50 μmol/L
24 h
Regulates MST1-Mediated Autophagy P53, P21, and P16↓
MST1, LC3-II/I, Beclin1, Bcl-2↑
(157)
male C57BL/6 mice
vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)
50, 100 mg/kg
7 w
Suppress inflammation and apoptosis via ROS-regulated PI3K/AKT ROS, Caspase-3 and NF-κB ↓ PI3K/AKT- Bcl-2↑ (165)

h, hours; d, days; w, weeks; m, months; LC3-II/I, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II/I; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; SOCS1, suppressor of cytokine signaling1; PON1, paraoxonase 1; SRB1, class B scavenger receptor type 1; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NOX, NADPH-oxidase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor protein 3; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; MPO, myeloperoxidase; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2; 5-LOX, 5-lipoxygenase; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; CRP, C-reactive protein; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ↓, downregulation; ↑, upregulation.